French Revolution: Ultimately a Failure

Liberte, Egalite, and Fraternite were the fundamental standards of the French upset. Nonetheless, it was where these three standards would be curved into just good and physical viciousness. The upheaval was at last a disappointment which spun wild and started to kill itself. The French needed Freedom from its absolutist ruler, however thus observed themselves being administered by the fallen angel. These residents needed a feeling of fraternity among their nation, yet observed their country being destroyed by violence.Furthermore, the third home looked to profit by another administration that guaranteed correspondence; nonetheless, the outcome was a further lopsidedness in an effectively degenerate society. Amusingly, the abhorrent rule of fear which was created by the French government, negated the standards of which the very unrest represented, further outlining the articulate disappointment of this occasion. Before all else, the French considered the to be as an approach to improv e their lives, however this way immediately transformed into an appalling rising into obscurity, which beside huge affliction, accomplished nothing.During the rule of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, progressive thoughts thrived through the time of edification. Nonetheless, Louis committed a critical error by helping the American Revolution; in spite of the fact that it was a military achievement, it was a monetary disappointment. France was bankrupt and the individuals were starving; they looked as their rulers, aristocrats and gentry carry on with an existence of extravagance and riches while they endured neediness, radically changing how the residents saw their ruler. Before long this disdain changed into unadulterated contempt and nothing should be possible to change their minds.Before long the individuals revolted and Louis’ powers were stripped away, a renewed person was then taken care of, Robespierre. Maximilien Francois Marie Isidore de Robespierre was a man who had incredible force and mishandled it; to some he was â€Å"The Incorruptible†, yet in all actuality was a savage despot. As a youngster, he examined the law and held a notoriety for trustworthiness and sympathy. He tried to nullify capital punishment and would not articulate a necessary capital punishment in the wake of turning into an appointed authority : A victor who murders his hostage adversaries is known as a barbarian!A developed man who slaughters a youngster that he could incapacitate and rebuff appears to us a beast! A denounced man censured by society is nothing else for it except for a vanquished and feeble foe. Prior to it, he is more vulnerable than a kid before a developed man †to eradicate from the code of the French the blood laws that order legal killings, and that their ethics and their new constitution dismiss. I need to demonstrate to them: 1-that capital punishment is basically uncalled for and, 2-that it isn’t the most abusive of punishmen ts and that it duplicates violations more than it forestalls them.However, as the upheaval advanced so did his thoughts; he before long turned into the leader of the Jacobin club, an extreme gathering who pushed outcast or demise for the French respectability. At this point the once delicate and kind-hearted man, was currently supplanted by one who had built up an incredible love of intensity alongside a notoriety of prejudice, grandiosity and brutality . Robespierre immediately arrived at a resolution that the end would legitimize the methods, and that so as to guard the upset against the individuals who might pulverize it, the shedding of blood was justified.Merlin de Thionville who was an individual from a few French authoritative bodies said remarked that: â€Å"In those days so bad had France become that a bleeding charlatan without ability or fearlessness, whose name was Robespierre, made each resident tremble under his tyranny†. The French presently lived under dread a nd abuse of a man who no longer thought about the individuals of the upheaval yet rather the upset itself. Utilizing his extraordinary speech abilities he effectively requested the execution of the lord and sovereign without reasonable preliminary or judgment, saying that â€Å"Louis must kick the bucket so the upset may live†.In January 1973 Louis XVI was executed, trailed by his significant other ten months after the fact. By his own words he had become a beast, â€Å"A victor who executes his hostage foes is known as a barbarian† . A country can't be one when the individuals don't trust in the standards of the administration. The unrest was only a common war which set residents in opposition to each other. While numerous individuals put stock in the unrest, they didn't acknowledge the fanatic thoughts of the Jacobins, and for that a great many conventional individuals were focused on and killed.The September Massacres was a resulting mass executing of detainees, aft er news that the Prussian Army had attacked France. On September 3, 1792, hordes of French residents raged into the detainment facilities where they assaulted detainees and stubborn church, paying little heed to their status as traditionalist. A record of this occasion by Nicolas-Edme Restif delineates the torment the residents caused on the detainees who were their â€Å"brothers†: There had been an interruption in the killings. Something was going on inside. . . . I revealed to myself that it was over at last.Finally, I saw a lady show up, as white as a sheet, being helped by a turnkey. They said to her cruelly: â€Å"Shout ‘Vive la country! ‘† â€Å"No! No! † she said. They caused her move to up on a heap of bodies. One of the executioners snatched the turnkey and drove him away. â€Å"Oh! † shouted the disastrous lady, â€Å"do not hurt him! † They rehashed that she should yell â€Å"Vive la country! † With scorn, she won't. At that point one of the executioners got her, tore away her dress, and tore open her stomach. She fell, and was done off by the others. Never would I be able to have envisioned such repulsiveness. I needed to run, yet my legs gave way.I blacked out. At the point when I came to, I saw the wicked head. Somebody disclosed to me they were going to wash it, twist its hair, stick it on the finish of a pike, and convey it past the windows of the Temple. What futile cold-bloodedness! . . The quantity of dynamic executioners who participated in the slaughters was around one hundred and fifty. The remainder of Paris looked on with dread or endorsement, and the rest behind shut screens, meaning the demolition of solidarity through the individuals. With a nation whose residents brutally executed each other, how could the French have a feeling of Fraternite among themselves?A Nation isn't joined under dread and demise yet rather through harmony and success, which was obviously something contrar y to the French Revolution. Balance was guaranteed to the third home, however the transformation didn't make an equalization. What it did was additionally vexed the structure of society. Thus the first and second bequest was expelled from power, and the bourgeoisie set in their proper place. The remainder of the third home which incorporated the laborers and the common laborers (sans-culottes), were left with nothing: They were the working individuals, the ranchers, the retailers, the exchanges individuals, the craftsmans, and even the processing plant workers.They were among the conspicuous washouts of the principal, progressively unobtrusive unrest. While the white collar class and well off classes profited extraordinarily from the insurgency, the sans-culottes saw their jobs vanishing and swelling driving them to battle for endurance. The sans-culottes and workers were commonly poor and had little force, they couldn't cast a ballot, hold office, or own territory since they didn't have the way to do as such. Since they couldn't possess land, workers were furious that they had exchanged one ace for another; indeed they had ended up at the base of the ladder.The Sans-culottes made up for this by adjusting themselves to the Jacobins. While this collusion gave them an exterior of intensity, they were just partners in crime to a gathering of radical scholars who required individuals to accomplish their filthy work. In any case, toward the end, a considerable lot of the Sans-culottes wound up detained and executed by the exceptionally progressive courts that they had bolstered. The transformation gave simply a dream of what the basic masses wanted; while the first and second bequests were gone, another incredible and savage association comprised of the bourgeoisie were placed in their place.The Reign of Terror was intended to battle the adversaries of the upheaval; in view of that the unrest was not, at this point about opportunity, fairness and fraternity, but in stead a fanatic type of progressive standards. Any individual who had not adjusted themselves to the Jacobin rule or had ability and force were viewed as a danger to the new transformation, they were in this way named as deceivers and condemned to the guillotine. Without precedent for history, fear turned into an official government strategy, with the purpose to utilize savagery to accomplish political goals.In the course of this rule the new system figured out how to execute a huge number of individuals who were considered as having the capacity to stand up or oust the administration. Through this, scores of powerful individuals were dishonestly denounced. In one specific execution, a lady by the name of Mme Roland expressed the words that have been deified by history, â€Å"O Liberty, what wrongdoings are submitted in thy name†. She was correct, the transformation had manhandled and carried out wrongdoings against the possibility of liberte, yet in addition of egalite and f raternite.Every individual who put their head upon the guillotine, were there in light of the fact that the three standards which the unrest represented were defiled to help the fanatic perspectives on the Jacobins. The cutting edge time has unfurled the shadows of the French insurgency. At last this timeframe didn't bring any triumphs, but instead the inverse. The upheaval was simply the result of a couple of conspiratorial people who conditioned the majority into undercutting the old request. The guarantees of egalite, equalite, and fraternite, were before long lost as viciousness and carnage set in.The French were anxious to be liberated from the contracting class framework and supreme government. In any case, the individuals ended up under

Communication: Theory, Forms and Parameters

Correspondence: Theory, Forms and Parameters RINSON MAMMEN Speculations FORMS AND PARAMETERS OF COMMUNICATION Speculations of correspondence Entertainer Network Theory recommends that human and non-human components are similarly powerful in the accomplishment of mechanical advancement and logical information creation. The hypothesis sees how systems are framed and how these systems add to these triumphs. It proposes that nobody individual or thing is exclusively liable for these progressions. In this way, both an entertainer and a system are liable for accomplishing these results. Versatile Structuration Theory (AST) Groups and associations make rules and assets which are characterized as structures. These structures structure social frameworks which build up their very own existence. The nature of the structure influences dynamic, and choices additionally influence the structure. Plan Setting Theory: Agenda Setting Theory expresses that broad communications associations figure out what everybody considers newsworthy by choosing how much consideration a report gets. The term remarkable quality exchange is ordinarily utilized and alludes to the capacity of the media to move their motivation onto the general population. Subjective Dissonance Theory: Cognitive Dissonance is the mental clash that outcomes from holding two opposing or contrary convictions or perspectives. For instance, one can like an individual, yet object to their propensities. The hypothesis proposes that an individual searches for balance in their convictions. Along these lines, so as to diminish cacophony, one will abstain from hearing contradicting perspectives or change their convictions to coordinate their activities. Correspondence Accommodation Theory: Communication Accommodation Theory depicts when individuals oblige or alter their correspondence styles to other people. These progressions in verbal and nonverbal styles are done through two different ways: difference and union. Dissimilarity is utilized to feature bunch personality through touting the distinctions of the gathering they relate to. Disparity is regularly utilized by bunches with solid ethnic or racial pride. Combination is utilized all the more frequently by frail people for social endorsement and spotlights on coordinating the correspondence styles of the individual with whom they are addressing. Development Theory: Cultivation Theory contends media shapes a people feeling of the real world. Since many procure data through intervened sources instead of direct understanding, their reality see becomes affected by these sources. For instance, Cultivation Theory recommends that individuals who might be characterized as substantial audience members consider the to be as increasingly vicious that it really seems to be. Face Negotiation Theory: Face Negotiation Theory features strife style contrasts among collectivist and individualistic societies. Collectivist societies place an incentive on the gathering and in this manner receive a contention style of maintaining a strategic distance from or coordinating to give others common face. Individualistic societies place an incentive on the individual and trying to ensure self-face, they receive a commanding clash style. Hypodermic Needle Theory: The Hypodermic Needle Theory, otherwise called the ‘magic bullet’ hypothesis, says the media has a ground-breaking and direct impact on crowds by ‘injecting’ them with messages. The Hypodermic Needle Theory no longer conveys the regard it once did since its exactness was seen as sketchy. Quieted Group Theory: Muted Group Theory expresses that since language is man-caused ladies to stay decreased and barred. Since words and standards have been made by men, ladies are hindered out in the open. As ladies become not so much quieted but rather more vocal, the predominant situation of guys in the public eye will decrease. Social Exchange Theory: Social Exchange Theory places a ‘economic’ trade for in relational connections. Which means, the connections is upgraded by fulfilling every others personal responsibility. In this hypothesis, personal circumstance isn't viewed as a terrible thing, yet rather as an idea that fabricates the relationship. Social Learning Theory: Social Learning Theory contends that individuals gain from one another through watching, mirroring, and demonstrating the practices, perspectives, and passionate responses of others. Social learning hypothesis clarifies how human conduct can be molded by persistent complementary connection between subjective, social, an ecological impacts. Social Penetration Theory: Social Penetration Theory takes a gander at how shallow connections develop to personal connections. The hypothesis states it is a continuous development due basically to self-exposure between parties. In any case, while this self-revelation can be successful in making close connections, it can likewise leave at least one people defenseless. Stance Theory: Standpoint Theory asserts that every individual is situated in an alternate position among the social chain of command. Along these lines, every individual perspectives the social atmosphere from an alternate vantage point, which just gives a little gander at the social entirety. In any case, the hypothesis likewise asserts that the individuals who are lower on the social stepping stool will in general have a more prominent comprehension of the social entire, as opposed to those higher up. Representative Interactionism Theory: Symbolic Interaction Theory proposes that the idea of self is made by three standards: 1) Meaning: that we demonstration towards and things as per the implications we concern them. 2) Language: that we arrange importance through images. 3) Thought: that idea changes our translations. Emblematic interactionism suggests that without correspondence there would be no self idea. Hypothesis of Planned Behavior (TPB): Theory of Planned Behavior is equivalent to Theory of Reasoned Action in that it says individual attitudinal decisions and social-regulating contemplations impact a person’s expectations to play out a conduct, yet TPB includes a third component: saw conduct control. This component being the view of how simple or troublesome it is to play out the conduct. Hypothesis of Reasoned Action (TRA) Theory of Reasoned Action takes a gander at how practices can be impacted by affecting a person’s goals. TRA states that two principle factors advise an individual whether to play out a conduct: 1) individual attitudinal decisions: the assessment of the activity; and, 2) social-regulating contemplations: what one accepts others figure they ought to do. Vulnerability Reduction Theory: Uncertainty Reduction Theory expresses that when outsiders meet, their essential objective is to diminish levels of vulnerability. Vulnerability importance, being uncertain of how to carry on (or how the other individual will act), and uncertain of what to think about the other individual. For instance, in the event that they like the individual or don't care for the individual. As indicated by this hypothesis, they will utilize correspondence to decrease this vulnerability. Utilizations and Gratifications Theory: The Uses and Gratifications Theory accept crowds effectively search out media to fulfill singular needs. With this presumption, the Uses and Gratifications Theory hopes to address three inquiries: what do individuals do with the media, what are their fundamental thought processes in utilizing said media, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this individual media use Various Forms of Communication Verbal Communication Verbal correspondence incorporates sounds, words, language and talking. Language is said to have begun from sounds and signals. There are numerous dialects verbally expressed on the planet. The premise of language development are: sexual orientation, class, calling, land zone, age gathering and other social components. Talking is a powerful method of conveying and is again grouped into two sorts viz. relational correspondence and open talking. Great verbal correspondence is an indivisible piece of business correspondence. In a business, you go over individuals from different ages, societies and races. Familiar verbal correspondence is fundamental, to manage individuals in conferences. Additionally, in business correspondence fearlessness assumes an imperative job which when clubbed with familiar relational abilities can prompt achievement. Open talking is another verbal correspondence where you need to address a gathering of individuals. Planning for a powerful discourse before you start is significant. In broad daylight talking, the discourse must be set up as per the sort of crowd you are going to confront. The substance of your discourse ought to be valid and you should have enough data on the point you have decided for open talking. All the central matters in your discourse must be featured and these focuses ought to be conveyed in the right request. There are numerous open talking methods and these procedures must be polished for a viable discourse. Non-Verbal Communication Non-verbal correspondence includes physical methods of correspondence, similar to, tone of the voice, contact, smell and body movement. Inventive and tasteful non-verbal correspondence incorporates singing, music, moving and forming. Images and gesture based communication are additionally remembered for non-verbal correspondence. Non-verbal communication is a non-verbal method of correspondence. Body act and physical contact pass on a great deal of data. Body pose matters a great deal when you are imparting verbally to somebody. Collapsed arms and crossed legs are a portion of the signs passed on by a body act. Physical contact, such as, shaking hands, pushing, praising and contacting communicates the sentiment of closeness. Outward appearances, motions and eye to eye connection are generally various methods of correspondence. Perusing outward appearances can assist you with realizing an individual better. Composed Communication Written correspondence is composing the words which you need to impart. Great composed correspondence is fundamental for business purposes. Composed correspondence is drilled in a wide range of dialects. Messages, reports, articles and updates are a portion of the methods of utilizing composed correspondence in business. The composed correspondence can be altered and changed ordinarily before it is imparted to the second party to whom the correspondence is expected. This is one of the primary points of interest of utilizing composing as the major mea

Common Psychological Responses to Traumatic Events

Common Psychological Responses to Traumatic Events PTSD Coping Print Common Psychological Responses to Traumatic Events By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on June 24, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Jamie Grill / Getty Images Psychological reactions to a crisis  or traumatic events vary considerably from person to person and symptoms and reaction times are typically different for each individual. Responses to Traumatic Events Because psychological responses vary for each person, its important that those treating or living with individuals undergoing a crisis learn to recognize the common reactions to a traumatic event. Reactions can include changes in behavior, physical well-being, psychological health, thinking patterns, spiritual beliefs, and social interactions. These signs, symptoms, and reactions are common psychological responses to a crisis or traumatic event. Some of them include: DisbeliefEmotional numbnessNightmares and other sleep disturbancesAnger, moodiness, and irritabilityForgetfulnessDenialGuiltPanicBecoming obsessiveSocial withdrawalIncreased use of alcohol and drugsIsolation or withdrawal from othersDisinterest in previous activitiesCryingSleeping too muchGriefQuestioning faith or religion Responses to a Current Crisis Albert R. Roberts describes the characteristics of individuals who are currently going through a crisis or traumatic event. They include: Beginning to recognize that theres a threatDiscovering that the stress and trauma of the event cannot be dealt with using existing coping skillsExperiencing fear, confusion, and stressExhibiting symptoms of distress and discomfortEntering a state of imbalance where the crisis situation seems insurmountable How You Can Help Someone Through Trauma or Crisis If someone you  know has been or is going  through a traumatic event or crisis, there are ways you can help, including: Being available to listenReassuring her that shes safeHelping him with household tasks such as shopping, cleaning, cooking, or taking care of kidsSpending time with herNot taking negative emotions or outburst to heartEncouraging him to get plenty of rest and to eat wellMaking sure she has time to herselfRecognizing his suffering and encouraging and supporting his ability to copeMaking sure she has other supportive people and/or networks in her lifeHelping him recognize when its time to get outside help Treatment May Be Needed Crisis counseling can be very beneficial to help people cope with the negative effects of a crisis situation. While most crisis events are time-limited, long-term exposure to stressors and traumas can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders. Individuals suffering from PTSD experience flashbacks, nightmares, sleep disturbances, and other symptoms, which often become so severe that they interfere with daily life. While PTSD is a serious disorder, psychotherapy and medication are often effective treatments. Unfortunately, many people who have been through a disaster or traumatic event dont think they need help even though they acknowledge psychological distress. Because the risk of PTSD and other mental health issues is increased, its important to encourage individuals who have been through a disaster, crisis, or trauma to seek help.

Bible - Role of Abraham - 1638 Words

Hebrew Bible Paper - Abraham Abraham stands as one of the most important figures in the Hebrew Bible, and is central to the understanding of God#8217;s solution to the problem of mankind. Man, the mysterious creature that God wraught as a semi-experiment, is constantly prone to believe he is self-sufficient and capable of survival without God, the central problem God must deal with in the Hebrew Bible. To solve this problem, God decides to strike fear in the heart of man and to revolutionise his lifestyle by creating laws and empowering a chosen group of people, who will spread the word of God by example. These people are the Hebrews, and Abraham is the father of their race, the man from whom all Hebrews descend. He is chosen for†¦show more content†¦When Lot is captured by an army, Abraham pursued them unto Dan#8230;And he brought back all the goods, and also brought again his brother Lot. Abraham#8217;s wife, Sarah, is barren through most of her life, but Abraham does not seek another until Sarah requests it. Only until God is sure that Abraham#8217;s love for Sarah is true does he make Sarah conceive. After Sarah dies, he goes to great lengths to secure a burial place for her and came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. When he is near death, Abraham tells a servant, Thou shalt not take a wife unto my son of the daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I dwell: But thou shalt go unto my country, and to my kindred, and take a wife unto my son Isaac. He remains dedicated to keeping his descendants pure, according to God#8217;s wishes. Dedication to family is important to God#8217;s plan because it is another consequence of humility; it is a recognition that one cannot exist alone and cannot be entirely self-sufficient. In God#8217;s plan for Abraham#8217;s descendants to become a great nation and spread the word of God through good deeds, a sense of unity and family duty is crucial. No longer can the world be divided into small warring factions if a universal law is to be instituted and followed. Rather, this new nation must possess not only a dedication to God#8217;s plan, but a dedication to each other. Through HisShow MoreRelated Bible - Role Of Abraham Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pages Hebrew Bible Paper - Abraham nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Abraham stands as one of the most important figures in the Hebrew Bible, and is central to the understanding of Godamp;#8217;s solution to the problem of mankind. Man, the mysterious creature that God wraught as a semi-experiment, is constantly prone to believe he is self-sufficient and capable of survival without God, the central problem God must deal with in the Hebrew Bible. To solve this problem, God decides to strike fear in theRead MoreGenesis 18 Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesGenesis 18 is the story of Abraham and his three mysterious visitors. This one of the many complicated text in the Bible. Many faiths and researchers have different interpretations of this passage. However, the question, which we must ask, is; what are the scriptures in Genesis 18 trying to say? It is not as clear as other literature text that are read today there are many questions that arise from this passage such as who were there three men? Where was Sarah? How did Abraham kn ow they were messengersRead MoreEssay on Bible vs. Quran1630 Words   |  7 Pagestable displays a large white book with gold-tipped pages. On the cover, prominent gold letters display the words The Holy Bible. This extravagant Christian place of worship, located in St. Petersburg, Florida, shows the importance of religious establishments as additional resources used in teaching religion. Two of the world’s largest religions use faith-powered books, The Holy Bible and The Holy Quran, to educate members. The scriptures in these books have provided direction, spiritual guidance, andRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1316 Words   |  6 PagesCommon Word between Us and You Both religions make up around half of the population around the world. Islam and Christianity are collectively known as Abrahamic religions because they trace their history to the covenant God made with Abraham in the Hebrew Bible. Christianity and Islam are two of the fastest growing religions, and they both have a lot in common ideas but yet have major differences in their beliefs and practices. First of all, both of Christianity and Islam religions have a quietRead MoreThe Book Of Genesis : A Historical Narrative1334 Words   |  6 Pagesnarratives serve two main purposes: (1) to chart the ongoing progress of salvation history, and (2) to provide illustrations of God’s nature and purpose and the appropriate responses of the people to God’s purpose (Fee and Stuart, How to read the Bible for all its worth, 2014) There a few main things to remember when reading Old Testament narratives; as the reader need to recognize the levels at which narratives function, keep the focus on God and his purpose for the world, we need to avoid moralizingRead MoreAbrahamic Faiths of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam1302 Words   |  5 Pagesis based on the original covenant made between Abraham and god when he was told to leave his home in Ur and travel to Cannan, a land which god promised to give to his descendants. The second covenant was made four hundred fifty years later when Moses led the Jews out of slavery back to Cannan. At Mount Sinai, god gave the Jewish people the Ten Commandments to live by. These are found in their holy book, the Torah, or the first five books of the Bible. Rabbis interpret this book and present the meaningRead MoreReligious Texts- Examining the Content of the Holy Bible and the Holy Quran1621 Words   |  7 Pagesdown her shoulders interlocking with her robe below. To the righ t of the infant, a table displays a large white book with gold-tipped pages. On the cover, prominent gold letters display the words The Holy Bible. Two of the world’s largest religions use faith-powered books such as the Holy Bible and the Holy Quran, to educate their members. Scriptures in these books have provided religious history, given spiritual guidance, and established moral theologies passed down from one generation to anotherRead MoreThe View Of The Beautiful City Jerusalem1683 Words   |  7 Pagesalso known for its history of David and Abraham, two important figures in Judaism, and includes the western wall, making it the reason why it is a great focus in Judaism. Lastly, Islam’s believe it is where their prophet, Muhammed, travelled to during his night journey and where he ascended into heaven. In commemoration of Muhammed the Dome of Rock and the al-Asque mosque were built in Jerusalem. All in all, Jerusalem contains stories of Jesus, David, Abraham, Muhammed, as well as famous places ofRead MoreThe Books of the Three Major Religions in Southwest Asia691 Words   |  3 Pagesnamed Abraham is the one that started this religion. God promised Abraham to be the father of many people and to give Abraham the holy land which is now Israel. The symbol is the Star of David. It is a relatively new symbol in the church. The book that is called the Bible in Christianity is called the Torah in Judaism. In Judaism women are equal to men, but they are separate. They have different roles and responsibilities than men have. 37% of Jews live in Israel, the land promised to Abraham by GodRead MoreBiblical Names In Toni Morrisons Song Of Solomon1574 Words   |  7 Pagesthat he or she may carry on the name of a beloved family member. Many names that are popular today are names from the Bible, since most of the biblical characters possess characteristics that parents would want their child to have. Names like Noah, Jacob, David, and Miriam, are names currently in the top 1000 child names in the world, and they are all biblical names. Names from the Bible are also found in many works of literature , like Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon, a coming of age story about a young

Theodore Roosevelt Essay - 473 Words

Theodore Roosevelt was one of the most iron willed presidents in the history of the United States. He took head on the battles of business social change and many different issues of government that many presidents had not paid attention to at this time. E extended the powers of the President and the powers of the federal government to protect the public interest and what he believed in. he took full advantage of his responsibilities of the work and expanded the involiment of the United States in world affairs. His social and economic reforms were the first attempts t deal with the problems created y a modern industrial society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;He was born in New York City in 1858, he was the second of four kids. He went to†¦show more content†¦He struggled a lot with his reading skills because of his poor eye sight and difficulty in seeing. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the time of the Civil War his family went through many hard times. His brothers fought for the confederacy, and because of his wife he did not enlist in the army. He would have went on the side of the Union though and resented his brothers because of there support of the Confederacy. During the war though he worked for the Union troops ad an advisor and he held many honors and was highly regarded. This is were he became knows as a leader and someone people could follow. Roosevelt was not the type to be tied down. He was an adventure by heart and had many exploits over the years. He was a great athlete and played sports throughout his life. He work as a cattle ranch in the Midwest and he would say that he found himself there as a man. He was a rugged mans man and that gave him a great platform in the political world. He then went back to New York were he worked a Police commissioner and made many people notice his true grit and his determination. He set out to rid New York City of it’s corrupt government and its relationships with the underground political bossed. Roosevelt was eager to be involved in national affairs and he wanted to be involved. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;He was called to be the head of the Navy and then took that and hit the ground running. He built up the Navy to a world power. He believes that any nationShow MoreRelatedTheodore Roosevelt : President Roosevelt1564 Words   |  7 Pages President Theodore Roosevelt By Ryan Baglietto  Table of Contents: 1. Presidential Facts 2. Theodore Roosevelt’s Childhood 3. Education 4. Personal Life 5. Accomplishments 6. What do I think of President Roosevelt: 7. Presidential Picture 8. Bibliography  1. Presidential Facts: My president’s name is Theodore Roosevelt. His nickname is Teddy. Did you know the Teddy Bear was named after him? President Roosevelt was in office from September 14, 1901 until March 4, 1909Read MoreTheodore Roosevelt And The Roosevelt Center989 Words   |  4 PagesTheodore Roosevelt during his life would spend time in North Dakota to hunt buffalo and settled in a ranch there for some years as he found a renowned interest in the area he called his â€Å"second home†. In 2005, Dickinson State University (DSU) began to explore the legacy of the 26th President as a tribute to his historical legacy and admiration to the territory that the university resides today. As a result the Theodore Roosevelt Center was founded in 2007 at the university. In essence the TheodoreRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt . Introduction To The Life Of Theodore1574 Words   |  7 PagesTHEODORE ROOSEVELT Introduction to the Life of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt was born October 27, 1858 in New York City to Theodore Roosevelt Sr. and Martha Bulloch. Theodore was also known as Teedie or Teddy. Due to his continuing battle with health issues, which started at birth, Roosevelt was homeschooled along with his siblings. The family house also had a gymnasium where he lifted weights and boxed to help him gain strength. Despite what appeared to be a sickly and weak child, RooseveltRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt, Jr.975 Words   |  4 PagesIsaac Ramirez Mrs. Christian 6th period November 17, 2014 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. â€Å"It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed.† (TheodoreRoosevelt.BrainyQuote.com. Xplore Inc, 2014. 17 November2014.http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/t/theodorero103482.html ) The reason why this quote relates to what he did is he did not stop and quit , although the catastrophes . He still managed to keep going and it is saying that its easier to at leastRead MoreThe Achievements Of Theodore Roosevelt1590 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant people in American history is Theodore Roosevelt. He is considered to be one of the most efficient and successful presidents to ever hold office. The achievements that he accomplished during his life will most likely never be equaled. He went from being a husband and father to being a soldier to becoming president of the United States. Along with contributing to his time period, his legacy continued and went on to influence other great presidents. Roosevelt also helped society in general andRead MoreEssay on Theodore Roosevelt907 Words   |  4 Pages Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt the 26th president of the United States, was born at 33 East 20th Street in New York on October 27, 1858.His father was a man of some wealth and importance in civic affairs. A prosperous family like the Roosevelts had a better than most people in that era. At eight years of age he was sickly and delicate and then his interest in natural-history started at this early age. Through sports and outdoor living, he became rugged and a love of the strenuousRead MoreThe Legacy Of Theodore Roosevelt800 Words   |  4 PagesTheodore Roosevelt was born October 27, 1858, and grew up in New York City, the second of four children. His father, Theodore, Sr., was a well-to-do businessman and philanthropist. His mother, Martha â€Å"Mittie† Roosevelt, was a Southerner, raised on a plantation in Georgia. At Harvard, Teddy studied natural science but soon developed an interest in politics. After he graduated from Harvard in 1880, he decided to go to Columbia Law School to study law. After just a short year he dropped out of law schoolRead MoreThe Legacy Of Theodore Roosevelt1001 Words   |  5 Pagesbackground. Theodore roosevelt, I can honestly say was one of the the most influential and active presidents we ve ever been graced to have. Being the voice of the people, aided our country in environmental concerns, Excelling in foreign policies and winning the nobel peace prize. He had an incredibly fulfilling and prosperous life . Theodore Roosevelt was one of most dynamic Presidents in all of American history. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was born on October 27, 1858, in New York City, to Theodore RooseveltRead MoreThe Legacy Of Theodore Roosevelt1876 Words   |  8 Pages Theodore Roosevelt, born on October 27, 1858 on East 20th Street in New York City, New York, was a powerful man who had many powerful influences. He was a leader to a country, a son of two parents, a brother to three siblings, a husband to a wife, and father to six children. But before Mr.Roosevelt did have the chance to make his influences, he had his childhood first. As said before, Roosevelt was the son of two parents, Martha and Theodore Roosevelt, in fact, Theodore Jr. was actually calledRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pages1900’s the president of the United States of America was a man called Theodore Roosevelt. Although he began his term as president with the death of President McKinley, his period in the White House turned out to be one of the most progressive periods in American history. His progressive policies influenced the direction that the country would take in the twentieth century. In the following paper I will explain several of Theodore Roosevelt’s progressive polices. Specifically I will deal with his labor

The Importance Of Motivation And Inspiration By Natasha...

â€Å"The ones who say â€Å"you can’t† and â€Å"you won’t† are probably the ones who are afraid that you will.† (MGQ) During my entire life, there was always someone who did not want to see me excel in life. They were always hoping for the negative outcomes instead of pushing me to keep going. They always tell me that â€Å"you can’t† or â€Å"you won’t†, but they never motivated me to go for something worth trying! When I was little I always dreamed of being a softball player. I thought the red clay, the helmet hair, the scars, the bruises, and the sisterly love bond was what I wanted to be a part of. I would walk around throwing everything, running and sliding as if I was on a field. Motivation and inspiration comes from the positive ones around you. Throughout my younger days and to this day, Natasha Watley has inspired me to be who I am today. She has experienced a life comparable to my own, therefore she could pass her positive inspiration down to those like me. This is why I continuously try my best. Giving up is never an option. When I was around six years old, my mother asked me â€Å"Do you want to play little league tee-ball?† Of course, my response was â€Å"Yes† because being a part of a team was what I had been waiting for. As the big day approached, it was a sunny, bright day; the birds were whistling and the sun was beaming down like never before. About midday, it was time for our first practice. By this time, I was so thrilled that I was smiling from ear to ear, I was dressed from head to

Social Networking and Digital Learning †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Networking and Digital Learning. Answer: Introduction It has been found that the social networking sites have been successful in widening the abilities of the students to perform their work. This has been possible through the practise of the twenty-first century skills that would enable students to develop themselves as successful and meaningful individuals (Manca Ranieri, 2017). The aim of this paper is to engage in a research review though identification of social networking sites as a mean of imparting education along with the social and pedagogical implications of social networking sites. This is followed by a discussion on the use of social networking sites through a critical review of selected literature and the reflection and supportive research of the social networking sites in the field of education. Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and Instagram have become names in the lives of the millennials. But these are more than social networking sites for the present generation. The existing education systems have understood the importance of virtual communication in imparting education. Virtual communication and online technology facilitates connection between people who are situated in different parts of the world (Lamberton Stephen, 2016). It is believed that the role of social media in the field of education is not to substitute traditional form of learning with digital learning. It was believed that instead of using white board and powerpoint as a tool of communicating with the class, the materials elicited from the social networking sites like photos, online videos, interactive dialogues, blogs can emerge from the discussion boards, virtual meetings, recorded text messages and the online forums present on the social media sites. The educator through the usage of social media transforms from being a educator to a content provider. This has led to the learning environment being fluid enabling students to provide instant feedback and facilitate exchange in terms of study tools. Kalasi (2014) have stated that social media have become increasingly important in the lives of individual. She contends about the social constructivist theory and how it is based on the interaction and socialization with other people that have the potential to help students so that they construct and learn from their personal learning processes. Social media she argues is a range of constructive tools that can catalyse participative learning module that ahve been incorporated into the new-age teaching. Hung Yuen, (2010), in their paper argues about the concept of communities of practice, this emphasise on learning in-context. Social networking technology provides people with an unrecognizable force and enables them to communicate. Social networking platforms provides the students additional channels to learn electronically. It can also be employed for the purpose of extension and reaching out to learners who otherwise might not have been involve in the process of learning. These tec hnologies will turn out to be useful for students who are reticent and may find it difficult to show up in class. In the present context, students are using the Facebook Social Learning Project that includes posts by instructors, teaching assistants. It was found that the popular social media platform , Facebook provides the students an opportunity to utilize the it for their educational purpose. In future, they would want Facebook to incorporate quizzes, mobile features, games that would make the classes all the more interesting and informative. A 2010 Pew study conducted in the National School Boards Association showed that Facebook is used by 58 per cent of the millennials out of the 96 per cent who are on Facebook utilize it for the discussion of their school homework (Ngai et al., 2015). Despite these, schools have been apprehensive in employing social media as an educational tool. It has been found that there has been a high interest in the harnessing of social networking sites for the objectives of education. The survey found that people who have used social networks were more positive ab out the advantages of social media as compared to people who have not made much use of social media. Social networking sites have the power to improve the motivation of the students and foster engagement in education. Students would develop a collaborative standpoint of learning and make a connection with the real world. Social networking sites enable the educators to share information, create a professional space for learning and improvise on the worldwide communications of schools with the staff and the students. . Students in the world of social networking sites are not only making use of the online material but generating content and are interacting with the fellow students. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be understood that if utilized properly, social networking sites have the potential to become an integral and indispensable part of tthe educational environment. References Hung, H. T., Yuen, S. C. Y. (2010). Educational use of social networking technology in higher education.Teaching in higher education,15(6), 703-714. Kalasi, R. (2014). The impact of social networking on new age Teaching and learning: an overview.Journal of education social policy,1(1), 23-28. Lamberton, C., Stephen, A. T. (2016). A thematic exploration of digital, social media, and mobile marketing: Manca, S., Ranieri, M. (2017). Implications of social network sites for teaching and learning. Where we are and where we want to go.Education and Information Technologies,22(2), 605-622. Newman, G., Wiggins, A., Crall, A., Graham, E., Newman, S., Crowston, K. (2012). The future of citizen science: emerging technologies and shifting paradigms.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,10(6), 298-304. Ngai, E. W., Moon, K. L. K., Lam, S. S., Chin, E. S., Tao, S. S. (2015). Social media models, technologies, and applications: an academic review and case study. Industrial Management Data Systems,115(5), 769-802.

The Young Offenders Act - The Truth Essays - Criminology

The Young Offenders Act - The Truth? This essay was written to show the advantages and disadvantages of the Young Offenders Act over the previous Juvenile Delinquents Act. Also it should give a theoretical understanding of the current Canadian Juvenile-Justice system, the act and it's implications and the effects of the young offenders needs and mental health on the outcome of the trials. In the interest of society the young offenders act was brought forth on april second 1984. This act was created to ensure the rights and the needs of a young person. Alan W. Leshied says "On one hand the justice and legal objectives of the act are being effectively realized while on the other hand the needs and treatment aspects of it leave much to be desired." The research of the Young offenders act is still ongoing but Leshied says that it is becoming clear that the custody positions have been in dispute since the act came into effect. The old Juvenile delinquency act states in section 38 "The care and custody and discipline of a juvenile delinquent shall approximate as nearly as maybe that which should be given by his parents, and... as far as practability every juvenile delinquent shall be treated, not as a criminal, but as a misguided and misdirected child . . . needing aid, encouragement, help and assistance."(Page 72) If a youth is close to the adult age of 18 years they could be transfered to the adult justice system. This means that they would be given the same sentences as an adult including and up to life in prison. Many people have tried to correct this problem that they see as a weakness. Yet, so far their attempts have failed. Another weakness they find, is that the courts are expensive and unsatisfactory methods of dealing with crime that is not very serious. Before the fabrication of legal aid most young offenders were not able to obtain legal services. "Subsection 11 (4) provides that, were a young person wishes to obtain counsel but is not able to do so, the youth-court judge shall refer the young person to the provincial legal-aid, or assistance program. If no such program is available or the young person is unable to obtain counsel through an available program, the youth court judge may, and on the request of the young person shall direct the young person to be represented by counsel." To establish a relationship between the young offender and the lawyer, thew lawyer must be able to receive instructions from his/her client. Usually there is little difficulty either receiving or carrieing out the instructions of his/her client. Special problems can arise when the client is a young person. The problems faced by this, is the young person may not be able to communicate with counsel. While the lawyer and young person need not a specific statement for the client as to a preferred outcome it should take form of a general expression of the client's feelings or attitudes in the major issues of the precedings the young person must be able to make decisions that may hold significant repercussions. Mental health of the young offender can also be a problem. Currently this issue is not addressed in the Young Offenders Act, before the mental health act can be enacted, extremely dangerous behaviour must be displayed. Before the age of 16 they are sometimes placed in hospitals for a short time under the authority of the legal guardians.

Free Essays on Why Adult Stem Cells Are Better Than Embryonic Stem Cells

STEM CELL RESURCH By: Zacchaeus Nash Why adult stem cells are better than embryonic stem cells. In this paper I will try to inform you the reader of the importance and adaptability of Biotechnology’s finest researchers. In the beginning they started with embryonic stem cells which found resistance from the American public, in the way of pro-life advocates. Which, lead the strike that the human embryo should be treated in a respectful manner and not to be used for research. With this challenge in the way the Biotechnologist looked for another way to secure the all necessary stem cells. They would find them in adult patients and in doing so they by pass the controversy. Let’s start off with the definition of a stem cell. It is a cell that can replicate indefinitely and which can differentiate into other cells; stem cells serve as a continuous source of new cells (from the biotech life science dictionary). Now, if stem cells can form into a cell in the body it is only logical to look for them in the first part of human life: the embryo. Since humans start from one cell which in turn forms into a fully functional human being. With this said the Biotechnologist looked in the most logical place to find them in the embryo, in which they did. As their research became public, the American people began to question the moral issue at hand. It did not take them long to deem it morally and socially wrong. From their stand point the embryo is a life and should be treated with the same respect of all human life. As, the president of the United States would say â€Å"We should not, as a society, grow life to destroy it.† He soon would push congress and the house into passing legislation against human cloning and stem cell research. Telling the researchers that the 77 strains of cells would be more than enough to perform the required research. This meant that the Biotechnologist had to look for a less controversial source o... Free Essays on Why Adult Stem Cells Are Better Than Embryonic Stem Cells Free Essays on Why Adult Stem Cells Are Better Than Embryonic Stem Cells STEM CELL RESURCH By: Zacchaeus Nash Why adult stem cells are better than embryonic stem cells. In this paper I will try to inform you the reader of the importance and adaptability of Biotechnology’s finest researchers. In the beginning they started with embryonic stem cells which found resistance from the American public, in the way of pro-life advocates. Which, lead the strike that the human embryo should be treated in a respectful manner and not to be used for research. With this challenge in the way the Biotechnologist looked for another way to secure the all necessary stem cells. They would find them in adult patients and in doing so they by pass the controversy. Let’s start off with the definition of a stem cell. It is a cell that can replicate indefinitely and which can differentiate into other cells; stem cells serve as a continuous source of new cells (from the biotech life science dictionary). Now, if stem cells can form into a cell in the body it is only logical to look for them in the first part of human life: the embryo. Since humans start from one cell which in turn forms into a fully functional human being. With this said the Biotechnologist looked in the most logical place to find them in the embryo, in which they did. As their research became public, the American people began to question the moral issue at hand. It did not take them long to deem it morally and socially wrong. From their stand point the embryo is a life and should be treated with the same respect of all human life. As, the president of the United States would say â€Å"We should not, as a society, grow life to destroy it.† He soon would push congress and the house into passing legislation against human cloning and stem cell research. Telling the researchers that the 77 strains of cells would be more than enough to perform the required research. This meant that the Biotechnologist had to look for a less controversial source o...

Geology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Geology - Essay Example Communities concerns about cause of continuous coastline erosion, oceanographic hazards, coastline modification, mining of aggregates in islands and vulnerability of shores to coastal erosion and other oceanographic hazards. Beaches in the UK area are not excepted from these threats. In the crown of Britains Bournemouth, premier tourist resorts are located. Today, there are about 5.2 million European, global and UK visitors who arrive in the town annually to enjoy the magnificent sweep of Poole Bay. In UK, no other beach draws so many visitors as these premier resorts. The seafront is extremely important leisure and recreational amenity particularly among local residents in the the areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch Poole Conurbation and outlying Hinterland (Bournemouth Borough Council, 2006; p 3). The Bournemouth Borough Council serves as the steward of the several works ranging from commercial, public and voluntary stakeholders who find seafront as a significant economic driver for their town. The public is challenged to sustain their seafront both as a public amenity and a visitor attraction; at the same time preserving the fragile qualities of its environment. The Bournemouth Seafront has a local and global reputation which is family and customer-centered. The project envisioned to manage the project within the context of long term sustainability so the future generations can be provided with important public recreational amenity. The project is viewed as one with economic relevance of the seafront; comprises of volume attraction that can be achieved in a most environmentally effective and cost efficient manner (p 6). Bournemouth seafront can be seen with large infrastructure and diverse range of buildings that supported the use of beaches with 7 miles length set in a very harsh, natural yet changing environment. The management of this tourist spot is in partnership private and public

Antitrust and Regulation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Antitrust and Regulation - Term Paper Example The law is premised on the belief that free trade benefits the economy, businesses and the consumers by forbidding various restrains of trade and monopolization. It falls under four areas namely agreement between competitors, contractual arrangements between sellers and buyers the pursuit or maintenance of monopoly power and mergers (Wilberforce, 98). The law of competition can be dated two centuries ago, the medieval monarchs and the Roman Empire used tariff systems to control prices and support local production. The formal study of competition can be dated in the 18th century with works of Adam Smith when he wrote about the wealth of Nation. Different terms were used to describe the law which include restrictive practices, the law of monopolies, combination acts, and the restraint of trade. The law can be seen to have three main elements which include prohibiting agreements or practices that restricts free trade and competition between business premises, it element focuses mainly on repression of cartels. Second is the banning of abusive behaviors by firms dominating a market or anti competitive practices that may tend to lead to dominance (Bork, 126). Among the practices controlled by this are predatory pricing, tying, and refusal to deal, among others. Lastly there is the supervision of mergers and acquisition of large corporations including joint values. Transactions thought to threaten competitive process can be prohibited all together. Approved subjects to remedies for example an obligation to divest part of the merged business the merged business, that is, to offer license or access to facilities that enable other businesses to continue competing. The contents and practice of competition law varies s from one jurisdiction to another. In many countries the main objective of the law is to protect the interests of thee consumer or safeguarding the consumer welfare, and ensuring that entrepreneurs have an equal opportunity to compete in the market economy. The law is also closely related to the law of deregulation of access to the market, state aids and subsidies, privatization of state assets, and the establishment of independe nt sector regulators. In the past decades the law has been viewed as way to provision of better public services (Whish, 198). According to Robert Bork competition has been found to have created adverse effects when they reduce competition through protecting the inefficient competitor and when the cost of legal intervention is higher then the consumer benefits more. The business practices of market traders' guilds and governments have always been scrutinized and sometimes severe sanctions have been placed. Dating back from the 19th century competition law has been now embraced globally. The largest and the most influential law systems being the United States antitrust law and the European community competition law. National and regional competitions authorities across the world have formed to incorporate international support and enforcement networks (Bork, 127). In microeconomics and strategic management horizontal merger refers to a type of ownership and control. It is used by businesses as a strategy that seeks to sell a type of products in many markets or numerous markets. It is much more common compared to vertical

Computers Insiders Threat

Computers Insiders Threat While attacks on computers by outside intruders are more publicized, attacks perpetrated by insiders are very common and often more damaging. Insiders represent the greatest threat to computer security because they understand their organizations business and how their computer systems work. They have both the confidentiality and access to perform these attacks. An inside attacker will have a higher probability of successfully breaking into the system and extracting critical information. The insiders also represent the greatest challenge to securing the company network because they are authorized a level of access to the file system and granted a degree of trust. A system administrator angered by his diminished role in a thriving defense manufacturing firm whose computer network he alone had developed and managed, centralized the software that supported the companys manufacturing processes on a single server, and then intimidated a coworker into giving him the only backup tapes for that software. Following the system administrators termination for inappropriate and abusive treatment of his coworkers, a logic bomb previously planted by the insider detonated, deleting the only remaining copy of the critical software from the companys server. The company estimated the cost of damage in excess of $10 million, which led to the layoff of some 80 employees. An application developer, who lost his IT sector job as a result of company downsizing, expressed his displeasure at being laid off just prior to the Christmas holidays by launching a systematic attack on his former employers computer network. Three weeks following his termination, the insider used the username and password of one of his former coworkers to gain remote access to the network and modify several of the companys web pages, changing text and inserting pornographic images. He also sent each of the companys customers an email message advising that the website had been hacked. Each email message also contained that customers usernames and passwords for the website. An investigation was initiated, but it failed to identify the insider as the perpetrator. A month and a half later, he again remotely accessed the network, executed a script to reset all network passwords and changed 4,000 pricing records to reflect bogus information. This former employee ultimately was identified as the perpetrator and prosecuted. He was sentenced to serve five months in prison and two years on supervised probation, and ordered to pay $48,600 restitution to his former employer. A city government employee who was passed over for promotion to finance director retaliated by deleting files from his and a coworkers computers the day before the new finance director took office. An investigation identified the disgruntled employee as the perpetrator of the incident. City government officials disagreed with the primary police detective on the case as to whether all of the deleted files were recovered. No criminal charges were filed, and, under an agreement with city officials, the employee was allowed to resign. These incidents of sabotage were all committed by â€Å"insiders:† individuals who were, or previously had been, authorized to use the information systems they eventually employed to perpetrate harm. Insiders pose a substantial threat by virtue of their knowledge of, and access to, employer systems and/or databases. Keeney, M., et al (2005) The Nature of Security Threats The greatest threat to computer systems and information comes from humans, through actions that are either malicious or ignorant 3 . Attackers, trying to do harm, exploit vulnerabilities in a system or security policy employing various methods and tools to achieve their aims. Attackers usually have a motive to disrupt normal business operations or to steal information. The above diagram is depicts the types of security threats that exist. The diagram depicts the all threats to the computer systems but main emphasis will be on malicious â€Å"insiders†. The greatest threat of attacks against computer systems are from â€Å"insiders† who know the codes and security measures that are in place 45. With very specific objectives, an insider attack can affect all components of security. As employees with legitimate access to systems, they are familiar with an organizations computer systems and applications. They are likely to know what actions cause the most damage and how to get away with it undetected. Considered members of the family, they are often above suspicion and the last to be considered when systems malfunction or fail. Disgruntled employees create mischief and sabotage against systems. Organizational downsizing in both public and private sectors has created a group of individuals with significant knowledge and capabilities for ma licious activities 6 and revenge. Contract professionals and foreign nationals either brought into the U.S. on work visas to meet labor shortages or from offshore outsourcing projects are also included in this category of knowledgeable insiders. Common Insider Threat Common cases of computer-related employee sabotage include: changing data; deleting data; destroying data or programs with logic bombs; crashing systems; holding data hostage; destroying hardware or facilities; entering data incorrectly, exposing sensitive and embarrassing proprietary data to public view such as the salaries of top executives. Insiders can plant viruses, Trojan horses or worms, browse through file systems or program malicious code with little chance of detection and with almost total impunity. A 1998 FBI Survey 7 investigating computer crime found that of the 520 companies consulted, 64% had reported security breaches for a total quantifiable financial loss of $136 millions. (See chart) The survey also found that the largest number of breaches were by unauthorized insider access and concluded that these figures were very conservative as most companies were unaware of malicious activities or reluctant to report breaches for fear of negative press. The survey reported that the average cost of an attack by an outsider (hacker) at $56,000, while the average insider attack cost a company in excess $2.7 million. It found that hidden costs associated with the loss in staff hours, legal liability, loss of proprietary information, decrease in productivity and the potential loss of credibility were impossible to quantify accurately. Employees who have caused damage have used their knowledge and access to information resources for a range of motives, including greed, revenge for perceived grievances, ego gratification, resolution of personal or professional problems, to protect or advance their careers, to challenge their skill, express anger, impress others, or some combination of these concerns. Insider Characteristics The majority of the insiders were former employees. †¢ At the time of the incident, 59% of the insiders were former employees or contractors of the affected organizations and 41% were current employees or contractors. †¢ The former employees or contractors left their positions for a variety of reasons. These included the insiders being fired (48%), resigning (38%), and being laid off (7%). Most insiders were either previously or currently employed full-time in a technical position within the organization. †¢ Most of the insiders (77%) were full-time employees of the affected organizations, either before or during the incidents. Eight percent of the insiders worked part-time, and an additional 8% had been hired as contractors or consultants. Two (4%) of the insiders worked as temporary employees, and one (2%) was hired as a subcontractor. †¢ Eighty-six percent of the insiders were employed in technical positions, which included system administrators (38%), programmers (21%), engineers (14%), and IT specialists (14%). Of the insiders not holding technical positions, 10% were employed in a professional position, which included, among others, insiders employed as editors, managers, and auditors. An additional two insiders (4%) worked in service positions, both of whom worked as customer service representatives. Insiders were demographically varied with regard to age, racial and ethnic background, gender, and marital status. The insiders ranged in age from 17 to 60 years (mean age = 32 years)17 and represented a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds. Ninety-six percent of the insiders were male. Forty-nine percent of the insiders were married at the time of the incident, while 45% were single, having never married, and 4% were divorced. Just under one-third of the insiders had an arrest history. Thirty percent of the insiders had been arrested previously, including arrests for violent offenses (18%), alcohol or drug related offenses (11%), and nonfinancial/ fraud related theft offenses (11%). Organization Characteristics The incidents affected organizations in the following critical infrastructure sectors: †¢ banking and finance (8%) †¢ continuity of government (16%) †¢ defense industrial base (2%) †¢ food (4%) †¢ information and telecommunications (63%) †¢ postal and shipping (2%) †¢ public health (4%) In all, 82% of the affected organizations were in private industry, while 16% were government entities. Sixty-three percent of the organizations engaged in domestic activity only, 2% engaged in international activity only, and 35% engaged in activity both domestically and internationally. What motivate insiders? Internal attackers attempt to break into computer networks for many reasons. The subject has been fruitfully studied and internal attackers are used to be motivated with the following reasons [BSB03]: †¢ Challenge Many internal attackers initially attempt to break into networks for the challenge. A challenge combines strategic and tactical thinking, patience, and mental strength. However, internal attackers motivated by the challenge of breaking into networks often do not often think about their actions as criminal. For example, an internal attack can be the challenge to break into the mail server in order to get access to different emails of any employee. †¢ Revenge Internal attackers motivated by revenge have often ill feelings toward employees of the same company. These attackers can be particularly dangerous, because they generally focus on a single target, and they generally have patience. In the case of revenge, attackers can also be former employees that feel that they have been wrongfully fired. For example, a former employee may be motivated to launch an attack to the company in order to cause financial losses. †¢ Espionage Internal attackers motivated by espionage, steal confidential information for a third party. In general, two types of espionage exists: Industrial espionage Industrial espionage means that a company may pay its own employees in order to break into the networks of its competitors or business partners. The company may also hire someone else to do this. International espionage International espionage means that attackers work for governments and steal confidential information for other governments. Definitions of insider threat 1) The definition of insider threat should encompass two main threat actor categories and five general categories of activities. The first actor category, the â€Å"true insider,† is defined as any entity (person, system, or code) authorized by command and control elements to access network, system, or data. The second actor category, the â€Å"pseudo-insider,† is someone who, by policy, is not authorized the accesses, roles, and/or permissions they currently have but may have gotten them inadvertently or through malicious activities. The activities of both fall into five general categories: exceeds given network, system or data permissions; conducts malicious activity against or across the network, system or data; provided unapproved access to the network, system or data; circumvents security controls or exploits security weaknesses to exceed authorized permitted activity or disguise identify; or non-maliciously or unintentionally damages resources (network, system or data) by destruction, corruption, denial of access, or disclosure. (Presented at the University of Louisville Cyber Securitys Day, October 2006) 2) Insiders — employees, contractors, consultants, and vendors — pose as great a threat to an organizations security posture as outsiders, including hackers. Few organizations have implemented the policies, procedures, tools, or strategies to effectively address their insider threats. An insider threat assessment is a recommended first step for many organizations, followed by policy review, and employee awareness training. (Insider Threat Management Presented by infoLock Technologies) 3)Employees are an organizations most important asset. Unfortunately, they also present the greatest security risks. Working and communicating remotely, storing sensitive data on portable devices such as laptops, PDAs, thumb drives, and even iPods employees have extended the security perimeter beyond safe limits. While convenient access to data is required for operational efficiency, the actions of trusted insiders not just employees, but consultants, contactors, vendors, and partners must be actively managed, audited, and monitored in order to protect sensitive data. (Presented by infoLock Technologies) 4) The diversity of cyber threat has grown over time from network-level attacks and password cracking to include newer classes such as insider attacks, email worms and social engineering, which are currently recognized as serious security problems. However, attack modeling and threat analysis tools have not evolved at the same rate. Known formal models such as attack graphs perform action-centric vulnerability modeling and analysis. All possible atomic user actions are represented as states, and sequences which lead to the violation of a specie safety property are extracted to indicate possible exploits. (Ramkumar Chinchani, Anusha Iyer, Hung Ngo, Shambhu Upadhyaya) 5) The Insider Threat Study, conducted by the U.S. Secret Service and Carnegie Mellon Universitys Software Engineering Institute CERT Program, analyzed insider cyber crimes across U.S. critical infrastructure sectors. The study indicates that management decisions related to organizational and employee performance sometimes yield unintended consequences magnifying risk of insider attack. Lack of tools for understanding insider threat, analyzing risk mitigation alternatives, and communicating results exacerbates the problem. (Dawn M. Cappelli, Akash G. Desai) 6) The insider threat or insider problem is cited as the most serious security problem in many studies. It is also considered the most difficult problem to deal with, because an insider has information and capabilities not known to other, external attackers. But the studies rarely define what the insider threat is, or define it nebulously. The difficulty in handling the insider threat is reasonable under those circumstances; if one cannot define a problem precisely, how can one approach a solution, let alone know when the problem is solved? (Matt Bishop 2005) Five common insider threat Exploiting information via remote access software A considerable amount of insider abuse is performed offsite via remote access software such as Terminal Services, Citrix and GoToMyPC. Simply put, users are less likely to be caught stealing sensitive information when they can it do offsite. Also, inadequately protected remote computers may turn up in the hands of a third-party if the computer is left unattended, lost or stolen. 2.) Sending out information via e-mail and instant messaging Sensitive information can simply be included in or attached to an e-mail or IM. Although this is a serious threat, its also one of the easiest to eliminate. 3.) Sharing sensitive files on P2P networks Whether or not you allow peer-to-peer file sharing software such as Kazaa or IM on your network, odds are its there and waiting to be abused. The inanimate software in and of itself is not the problem its how its used that causes trouble. All it takes is a simple misconfiguration to serve up your networks local and network drives to the world. 4.) Careless use of wireless networks Perhaps the most unintentional insider threat is that of insecure wireless network usage. Whether its at a coffee shop, airport or hotel, unsecured airwaves can easily put sensitive information in jeopardy. All it takes is a peek into e-mail communications or file transfers for valuable data to be stolen. Wi-Fi networks are most susceptible to these attacks, but dont overlook Bluetooth on smartphones and PDAs. Also, if you have WLANs inside your organization, employees could use it to exploit the network after hours. 5.) Posting information to discussion boards and blogs Quite often users post support requests, blogs or other work-related messages on the Internet. Whether intentional or not, this can include sensitive information and file attachments that put your organization at risk. Views of different authors about insider threat 1) Although insiders in this report tended to be former technical employees, there is no demographic â€Å"profile† of a malicious insider. Ages of perpetrators ranged from late teens to retirement. Both men and women were malicious insiders. Their positions included programmers, graphic artists, system and network administrators, managers, and executives. They were currently employed and recently terminated employees, contractors, and temporary employees. As such, security awareness training needs to encourage employees to identify malicious insiders by behavior, not by stereotypical characteristics. For example, behaviors that should be a source of concern include making threats against the organization, bragging about the damage one could do to the organization, or discussing plans to work against the organization. Also of concern are attempts to gain other employees passwords and to fraudulently obtain access through trickery or exploitation of a trusted relationship. Insiders can be stopped, but stopping them is a complex problem. Insider attacks can only be prevented through a layered defense strategy consisting of policies, procedures, and technical controls. Therefore, management must pay close attention to many aspects of its organization, including its business policies and procedures, organizational culture, and technical environment. Organizations must look beyond information technology to the organizations overall business processes and the interplay between those processes and the technologies used. (Michelle Keeney, J.D., Ph.D. atal 2005) 2) While attacks on computers by outside intruders are more publicized, attacks perpetrated by insiders are very common and often more damaging. Insiders represent the greatest threat to computer security because they understand their organizations business and how their computer systems work. They have both the confidentiality and access to perform these attacks. An inside attacker will have a higher probability of successfully breaking into the system and extracting critical information. The insiders also represent the greatest challenge to securing the company network because they are authorized a level of access to the file system and granted a degree of trust. (Nam Nguyen and Peter Reiher, Geoffrey H. Kuenning) 3) Geographically distributed information systems achieve high availability that is crucial to their usefulness by replicating their state. Providing instant access at time of need regardless of current network connectivity requires the state to be replicated in every geographical site so that it is locally available. As network environments become increasingly hostile, we have to assume that part of the distributed information system will be compromised at some point. The problem of maintaining a replicated state in such a system is magnified when insider (or Byzantine) attacks are taken into account. (Yair Amir Cristina Nita-Rotaru) 4) In 2006, over 60% of information security breaches were attributable to insider behavior, yet more than 80% of corporate IT security budgets were spent on securing perimeter defenses against outside attack. Protecting against insider threats means managing policy, process, technology, and most importantly, people. Protecting against insider threats means managing policy, process, technology, and most importantly, people.The Insider Threat Assessment security awareness training, infrastructure reconfiguration, or third party solutions, you can take comfort in knowing that you have made the right choice to improve your security posture, and you will achieve your expected Return on Security Investment. (Presented by infoLock Technologies) 5) The threat of attack from insiders is real and substantial. The 2004 ECrime Watch Survey TM conducted by the United States Secret Service, CERT  ® Coordination Center (CERT/CC), and CSO Magazine, 1 found that in cases where respondents could identify the perpetrator of an electronic crime, 29 percent were committed by insiders. The impact from insider attacks can be devastating. One complex case of financial fraud committed by an insider in a financial institution resulted in losses of over $600 million. 2 Another case involving a logic bomb written by a technical employee working for a defense contractor resulted in $10 million in losses and the layoff of 80 employees. (Dawn Cappelli, Andrew Moore, Timothy Shimeall,2005) 6) Insiders, by virtue of legitimate access to their organizations information, systems, and networks, pose a significant risk to employers. Employees experiencing financial problems have found it easy to use the systems they use at work everyday to commit fraud. Other employees, motivated by financial problems, greed, or the wish to impress a new employer, have stolen confidential data, proprietary information, or intellectual property from their employer. Lastly, technical employees, possibly the most dangerous because of their intimate knowledge of an organizations vulnerabilities, have used their technical ability to sabotage their employers system or network in revenge for some negative work-related event. (Dawn M. Cappelli, Akash G. Desai ,at al 2004) 7) The insider problem is considered the most difficult and critical problem in computer security. But studies that survey the seriousness of the problem, and research that analyzes the problem, rarely define the problem precisely. Implicit definitions vary in meaning. Different definitions imply different countermeasures, as well as different assumptions. (Matt Bishop 2005) Solution: User monitoring Insiders have two things that external attackers dont: privileged access and trust. This allows them to bypass preventative measures, access mission-critical assets, and conduct malicious acts all while flying under the radar unless a strong incident detection solution is in place. A number of variables motivate insiders, but the end result is that they can more easily perpetrate their crimes than an outsider who has limited access. Insiders can directly damage your business resulting in lost revenue, lost customers, reduced shareholder faith, a tarnished reputation, regulatory fines and legal fees. With such an expansive threat, organizations need an automated solution to help detect and analyze malicious insider activity. These are some points which could be helpful in monitoring and minimizing the insider threats: Detecting insider activity starts with an expanded log and event collection. Firewalls, routers and intrusion detection systems are important, but they are not enough. Organizations need to look deeper to include mission critical applications such as email applications, databases, operating systems, mainframes, access control solutions, physical security systems as well as identity and content management products. Correlation: identifying known types of suspicious and malicious behavior Anomaly detection: recognizing deviations from norms and baselines. Pattern discovery: uncovering seemingly unrelated events that show a pattern of suspicious activity From case management, event annotation and escalation to reporting, auditing and access to insider-relevant information, the technical solution must be in line with the organizations procedures. This will ensure that insiders are addressed consistently, efficiently and effectively regardless of who they are. Identify suspicious user activity patterns and identify anomalies. Visually track and create business-level reports on users activity. Automatically escalate the threat levels of suspicious and malicious individuals. Respond according to your specific and unique corporate governing guidelines. Early detection of insider activity based on early warning indicators of suspicious behavior, such as: Stale or terminated accounts Excessive file printing, unusual printing times and keywords printed Traffic to suspicious destinations Unauthorized peripheral device access Bypassing security controls Attempts to alter or delete system logs Installation of malicious software The Insider Threat Study? The global acceptance, business adoption and growth of the Internet, and of Internetworking technologies in general, in response to customer requests for online access to business information systems, has ushered in an extraordinary expansion of electronic business transactions. In moving from internal (closed) business systems to open systems, the risk of malicious attacks and fraudulent activity has increased enormously, thereby requiring high levels of information security. Prior to the requirement for online, open access, the information security budget of a typical company was less then their tea and coffee expenses. Securing cyberspace has become a national priority. In The National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace, the Presidents Critical Infrastructure Protection Board identified several critical infrastructure sectors10: banking and finance information and telecommunications transportation postal and shipping emergency services continuity of government public health Universities chemical industry, textile industry and hazardous materials agriculture defense industrial base The cases examined in the Insider Threat Study are incidents perpetrated by insiders (current or former employees or contractors) who intentionally exceeded or misused an authorized level of network, system, or data access in a manner that affected the security of the organizations data, systems, or daily business operations. Incidents included any compromise, manipulation of, unauthorized access to, exceeding authorized access to, tampering with, or disabling of any information system, network, or data. The cases examined also included any in which there was an unauthorized or illegal attempt to view, disclose, retrieve, delete, change, or add information. A completely secure, zero risk system is one which has zero functionality. Latest technology high-performance automated systems bring with them new risks in the shape of new attacks, new viruses and new software bugs, etc. IT Security, therefore, is an ongoing process. Proper risk management keeps the IT Security plans, policies and procedures up to date as per new requirements and changes in the computing environment. To implement controls to counter risks requires policies, and policy can only be implemented successfully if the top management is committed. And policys effective implementation is not possible without the training and awareness of staff. The State Bank of Pakistan recognizes that financial industry is built around the sanctity of the financial transactions. Owing to the critical role of financial institutions for a country and the extreme sensitivity of their information assets, the seriousness of IT Security and the ever-increasing threats it faces in todays open world cannot be overstated. As more and more of our Banking Operations and products services become technology driven and dependent, consequently our reliance on these technology assets increases, and so does the need to protect and safeguard these resources to ensure smooth functioning of the financial industry. Here are different area in which we can work and check insider threat, but I chose textile industry as in textile industry there is less awareness of the insider threat. If an insider attack in an industry then industrialist try to cover up this news as these types of news about an industry can damage the reputation of the industry. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITRATURE S, Axelsson. ,(2000) Anonymous 2001 Continuity of operations and correct functioning of information systems is important to most businesses. Threats to computerised information and process are threats to business quality and effectiveness. The objective of IT security is to put measures in place which eliminate or reduce significant threats to an acceptable level. Security and risk management are tightly coupled with quality management. Security measures should be implemented based on risk analysis and in harmony with Quality structures, processes and checklists. What needs to be protected, against whom and how? Security is the protection of information, systems and services against disasters, mistakes and manipulation so that the likelihood and impact of security incidents is minimised. IT security is comprised of: Confidentiality: Sensitive business objects (information processes) are disclosed only to authorised persons. ==> Controls are required to restrict access to objects. Integrity: The business need to control modification to objects (information and processes). ==> Controls are required to ensure objects are accurate and complete.

Free College Essays - Allegory and Symbolism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Nathaniel Hawthorne is a nineteenth-century American writer of the Romantic Movement. Hawthorne was born is Salem, Massachusetts, and this is the place he used as the setting for some of his works: such as "The Scarlett Letter", "the Blithedale Romance" and "Young Goodman Brown". In writing, Hawthorne was known for his use of allegory and symbolism, which made his stories a joy for everyone to read. Hawthorne was said to be the first American writer who was conscious of the failure of modern man to realize his full capacity for moral growth. His stories contain much about the life he knew as a child being brought up in a Puritan society. As Hawthorne's writing continued it was filled with the same amount of sin and evil as his first writings. Evil that was revealed through his works. "Young Goodman Brown" was said to be one of the best stories ever written by Hawthorne (Adams70). "The Marble Faun: and "the Scarlett Letter were some of the other stories written by Hawthorne, and they were said to be "Young Goodman Brown" grown older. In this selection there is a question of maturity for Goodman Brown and whether he is good or evil. There is also a transition from childishness to adolescence to maturity. This short story in particular has a feeling of adultery, betrayal, and deception as in some of his other works. It was said by Richard P. Adams that "young Goodman Brown" was a germ for nearly all his best work that followed (Adams 71). The use of symbolism in "young Goodman Brown" shows that evil is everywhere, which becomes evident in the conclusion of this short story. Hawthorne's works are filled with symbolic elements and allegorical elements. "Young Goodman Brown" deals mostly with conventional allegorical elements, such as Young Goodman Brown and Faith. In writing his short stories or novels he based their depiction of sin on the fact that he feels like his father and grandfather committed great sins. There are two main characters in this short story, Fai th and Young Goodman Brown. "Young Goodman Brown is everyman seventeenth-century New England the title as usual giving the clue. He is the son of the Old Adam, and recently wedded to Faith. We must note that every word is significant in the opening sentence: "Young Goodman Brown came forth at sunset into the street of Sale, Village; but put his head back, after crossing the threshold, to exchange a parting kiss with his young w2ife.

Plato’s “The allegory of the Cave” Essay

Plato’s â€Å"The allegory of the Cave† addresses so many different areas of philosophy including, epistemology, metaphysics, asceticism, ethics, etc. In his allegory it is important to seek what Plato is trying to accomplish through locating his rhetorical devices, his tone, his position and arguments, in order to develop meaning to his allegory. Plato’s philosophies include education, interaction, individuality, and human nature to make his statement of what the correct path to â€Å"enlightenment† should be, being expressed through symbolism, imagery, themes, and metaphors to convey his message. Plato’s allegory however is actually represents an extended metaphor that is to contrast the way in which we perceive and believe in what is reality. â€Å"The allegory of the Cave† plays multiple roles, all depending how we interpret it, either being used as a metaphor for the process of intellectual understandings on the quest for sense and knowledge, or a way to portray parts of his political philosophy, involving the correct the path to â€Å"the good† and ‘reality’. Plato’s allegory of the cave is a parable to understand the process of how a person becomes enlightened; including the positives and negatives influences it can have on a person in their natural environment, in other words our responses and reaction to being freed from their chains and being forced to experience life outside the cave. Plato’s allegory of the cave presupposes a group of prisoners who have lived chained and uneducated in a cave â€Å"since childhood†. To the back of the prisoners, people cast the shadows on the wall in which the prisoners perceive as reality, questioning â€Å"is it reasonable for the prisoners to†¦In every way believe that the truth is nothing other than the shadows of these artifacts† Although if one were â€Å"released from their bonds and cured of their ignorance† the prisoner would now be confused as to what is real. The thesis behind is the basic tenets that all we perceive are imperfect â€Å"reflections, which subsequently represent truth and reality. This is an important development to the story because it shows us that what we perceive as real from birth is completely false based on our imperfect interpretations of reality and goodness. The importance of the allegory lies in the belief that there are invisible truths lying under the appare nt surface, which can only be obtained through being enlightened, being  Ã¢â‚¬Å"dragged† out of the darkness and seeing the light. Plato’s allegory of the cave shows that society is in a state of ignorance. Though they might be bounded in one position, they accept that it is their natural ‘place in society’. However when one is exposed to the ‘dazzling light’ they begin to see truth through a long, tortuous intellectual journey, discovering a higher realm, true reality and having awareness of goodness. A person who has gained such insight, according to Plato is best equipped to govern in society, having knowledge what is ultimately good, however, will frequently be misunderstood by ‘the other prisoners’ who haven’t obtained intellectual insights. Plato remains convinced that the best rulers, the philosopher-kings, are suited not only because of their education, experience, and wisdom, but also because they would prefer not to rule. More emphatically, nonetheless Plato finds that because of their enlightened minds, the philosopher-king has a duty to rule that t ranscends their personal preference for anonymity. Plato’s ideal society contains the correct functions of politics and motive. He argues that the philosophers, or individuals who have acquired knowledge of virtue and truth, should lead society. Another example is that in his allegory there are malicious individuals who stand in front of a fire as to be able to create shadows which the prisoners perceive as incorrectly reality. They are both aware of a slightly higher level of truth and capable of manipulation of average people’s perception but still unaware of the nature of the forms and of the form of the good. Philosophers should be the ones to lead rather than those who simply have the ability to manipulate the masses. This is because the philosopher is knowledgeable about the forms of the virtues and the good and is more likely to apply them to society. ‘The allegory of the Cave’ is a theory, concerning human perception that can be altered by what is seen and hidden. Plato claimed that knowledge gained through the senses is no more than opinion and in order to have real knowledge, we must gain it through philosophical reasoning. In ‘the allegory of the Cave’, Plato distinguishes between people who mistake sensory knowledge for the truth and compare them to people who actually see. Plato’s allegory revolves around truth and the reflection of truth, as devastating  criticism of our everyday lives as being in bondage to superficialities, to shadows rather than to substance. Both the leaders and the public are ignorant and corrupt, without true knowledge of themselves or the world, motivated by self-gratification. They are chained in slavery to ignorance and passions, to mob hysteria for or against fleeting issues, believing in the illusions, the shadows. We live in a time of loss of meaning, of crumbling values of truth and morality, of corruption in political life and decline in personal integrity. This is our despair. But there is a hope with Plato’s allegory, the hope of ascending to truth and values, even though we might be shunned, we have a grasp of the light.