Wile vs. While

Wile vs. While Wile vs. While Wile vs. While By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Are there two ways to write â€Å"while away the hours†? I sometimes see it written as â€Å"wile away the hours.† My dictionary gives the meaning to both spellings. Which do you recommend? wile Possibly the most common use of wile these days is as a noun qualified by the adjective feminine: Resurrecting the Girly Girl: The Lost Art of Feminine Wiles Dating: Feminine wiles attract alpha males In this context, wiles stands for cunning, amorous tricks that women use to manipulate men. Wile can have the stronger meaning of a deceitful trick or ruse used to deceive a victim. Wiley Coyote employs wiles in this sense. The earliest documented use of wile in the OED in the sense of â€Å"deceitful trick† is 1154. Wile as a verb came later (1400s). As a verb, wile means â€Å"to lure by means of a magic spell,† â€Å"to beguile.† The OED does have an entry for wile with the meaning â€Å"to divert attention pleasantly,† but identifies it as â€Å"a substitute for while.† The examples given for its use fall between 1796 and 1880. Merriam-Webster cites an example from the writing of Virginia Woolf: â€Å"wile away the long days,† and does not suggest confusion with while. while As a noun, while has been in the language since the writing of Beowulf. As a verb meaning â€Å"to fill up the time,† its earliest documented use in the OED is from the early 17th century. The phrase â€Å"to while away the time† dates from 1635:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"to cause (time) to pass without wearisomeness; to pass or get through (a vacant time), esp. by some idle or trivial occupation.† As my recommendation is being asked for, I have to say that, Virginia Woolf notwithstanding, â€Å"while away the time† is the better choice. Google Ngram Viewer shows â€Å"while away† as far more common than â€Å"wile away,† although the latter seems to be rising a bit since the late 1980s. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†10 Colloquial Terms and Their Meanings20 Ways to Cry

From Julius Caesar to Hamlet Essay Essays

From Julius Caesar to Hamlet Essay Essays From Julius Caesar to Hamlet Essay Essay From Julius Caesar to Hamlet Essay Essay Essay Topic: Julius Caesar The comparing between Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar and Hamlet in footings of how implied. or latent elements and subjects in one were transmitted and developed in the other can take to unveiling the transmutations Shakespeare was imagining with the authorship of Hamlet. In the Introduction to the 1987 Oxford University Press edition of Hamlet. G. R. Hibbard stated that â€Å"Hamlet was written after. but non long after. Julius Caesar. which can be dated with unusual truth as holding been compose in the late summer of 1599† ( 4 ) . From the statements that Hibbard gives to back up his statement ( that there are two allusions in the text of Hamlet to Julius Caesar ) we can see the strong connexions between the two dramas. : In a manner. both Julius Caesar and Hamlet represent thresholds in the development of Shakespeare’s dramatic art. However. Hamlet moves in a different way. If Julius Caesar is set in a distant yesteryear and can merely suggest to the humanist subjects in Shakespeare’s universe. Hamlet shifts the tone of Shakespeare’s plays to a more private and Elizabethan centre of involvement. This paper argues that the subjects and motives that were simply suggested or hinted to or implied in Julius Caesar and which were intricately developed in Hamlet are important in finding the specificity of Shakespeare’s subsequently historical calamities. The analysis of devices. motives and subjects in the two dramas will exemplify this statement. The device of foreground processing is employed in Julius Caesar in the first act as a warning mark to Caesar from the Soothsayer. It is a clear and unmistakable portents of Julius Caesar’s decease. particularly given the drama’s historical foundation. This device is used in this drama merely to trip the struggle – the decease of Caesar will bring forth the existent play. Because of its deficiency of ambiguity and its limited dramatic span. the prefiguration in Julius Caesar does non hold the same impact as it does in Hamlet. In Hamlet. the device of boding becomes a trigger for the play’s declaration and besides represents the dramatic subtext which drives the whole concatenation of events towards the tragic terminal. In Act 1 Scene 1. we witness the phantom of the shade of Hamlet’s male parent. This episode is marked by the usage of particular imagination and allusions. Horatio gives the decisive statement in placing the shade with tthe murdered male monarch. The shade figure is clearly employed in this first act as a agency of foreshadow ing non merely the struggle of the narrative but besides its declaration: â€Å"This bodes some unusual eruption to our state† ( The Calamity of Hamlet 148 ) . The image of Fortinbras is another baleful motive by which Shakespear alludes to the ulterior developments in the drama. Furthermore. the reader is given a preliminary account of the Medieval codification of award. by which the king’s boy has to revenge his father’s decease. The narrative of Fortinbras and his male parent analogues and motivates the complex relationship between Hamlet and his ain male parent. Duty is presented as a important motive. which determines the hero’s actions and even consciousness. Another component which is merely suggested in Julius Caesar is the characters’ ambivalency – no character is basically â€Å"evil† or â€Å"bad† . Brutus. before make up ones minding to fall in the plotters. reprobate this act: They are the cabal. O confederacy Shamest 1000 to demo thy unsafe forehead by dark. When immoralities are most free? O. so by twenty-four hours Where wilt 1000 happen a cavern dark enough/ To dissemble thy monstrous countenance? Seek none. confederacy ; † ( Julius Caesar. Act 2 Scene 1 ) . Brutus is hence shown to hold a moral scruples. a scruples dramatically and fatally opposing his actions. The paradox of a baronial man’s evil actions might happen its account through an analysis of Hamlet’s monologue at the terminal of the first act. Hamlet’s monologue and corruptness in the forth scene points to a specific image thought Shakespeare had about the human head and behaviour: it appears that the seeds of immorality can be ingrained in the most baronial of liquors or. conversely. that goodness can be the host of immorality. This characteristic is presented in fatalistic and deterministic footings and becomes another motive for the tragic declaration: So. oft it opportunities in peculiar work forces That for some barbarous mole of nature in them As. in their birth – wherein they are non guilty [ †¦ ] Oft interrupting down the pickets and garrisons of ground Or by some wont that excessively much o’er-leavens [ †¦ ] Shall in the general animadversion take corruptness From that peculiar mistake ( The Calamity of Hamlet. 181 ) The concatenation of events taking to the fatal stoping is therefore linked to the pronouncement of â€Å"blind fate† . By highlighting the ambivalency of human nature. Shakespeare gives a more complex position on his characters’ motivational resorts and transcends the restrictions of a completely â€Å"good† or a wholly â€Å"evil† theoretical account. In another scene. the King admits to his holding murdered Hamlet’s male parent. He is presented as holding stabs of guilt – â€Å"May one be pardoned and retain th’offence? † ( The Calamity of Hamlet. 273 ) : O. my offense is rank. it smells to heaven. It has the cardinal eldest expletive upon’t – A brother’s slaying. Pray can I non. ( The Calamity of Hamlet. 272 ) . Cluadius’ inquiries show the character in a new. humanising visible radiation. which eliminates the image of the stereotypic scoundrel. Many of the elements that are merely latent. or implied. in Julius Caesar. are to be to the full found in Hamlet’s monologues. The motive of Brutus’ self-destruction. for case. which is non to the full developed in the drama. becomes one of the subjects of contemplation in Hamlet’s monologues. Hamlet’s considerations on self-destruction. on the other manus. lucubrate much on this subject. There are several acceptions which are discussed in the protagonist’s monologues and they are testimony to Shakespeare’s penetration of the human head: For who would bear the whips and contempts of clip. [ †¦ ] To grunt and sudate under a weary life. But that the apprehension of something after decease. The undiscovered state. from whose bourn No traveller returns. puzzles the will. ( The Calamity of Hamlet. 240-241 ) Furthermore. in another transition. Hamlet gives another reading of his ain reluctance to perpetrate self-destruction. which is presented in visible radiation of the protagonist’s fright of God and societal position: The oppressor’s incorrect. the proud man’s contumely. The stabs of disprized love. the law’s hold. The crust of office. and the spurns That patient virtue of the unworthy takes. † ( The Calamity of Hamlet. 240 ) . Closely linked to this subject. there is the impression of the amour propre of being which is merely implied in Julius Caesar through the foreground processing of the emperors’ rise and autumn and in the analogues drawn in this regard among Julius Caesar. Mark Anthony and Brutus. However. this subject is non to the full problematized in the drama – likely because it does non come in understanding with the historical and philosophical repertory of Ancient Rome. In Hamlet. nevertheless. this subject becomes prevailing and one of the character’s privileged objects of contemplation. The â€Å"What is a man† monologue intimations to the vanitas vanitatum of Renaissance and humanist doctrine of the finiteness of adult male and of the ultimate insignificance of all earthly ownerships. Furthermore. Hamlet’s monologue incorporates another one of the humanist concerns. which was that of the perfectibility of man’s spirit and fate through God-given linguistic communication and idea: What is a adult male If his head good and market of his clip Be but to kip and feed? A animal. no more ( The Calamity of Hamlet. 298 ) . To reason. this paper has illustrated the ways in which subjects and motives which were latent in Julius Caesar are given prominence in Hamlet. particularly through the protagonist’s monologues. In a manner. it is the really displacement from the predomination of the oratorical address and its dialogic character in Julius Caesar to the primacy of the monologue and its monological quality in Hamlet that provides the key for understanding the grounds behind the elaboration of devices and subjects from one drama to the other. With Hamlet. Shakespeare’s historical calamities become more intimate and. at the same clip. more openly philosophical and cosmopolitan.

Behaviour 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Behaviour 2 - Essay Example It was noted that majority of the fuel starved households belong to the lower income group of the society which also signifies the high charged electricity services of UK. In comparison to UK, Qatar is a country providing free electricity to their citizens and is also having sufficient electricity to maintain their national and corporate requirements. On the contrary, UK has maintained the belief that charging electricity and other energy sources will help in realising the value of fuel and also develop optimum usage of the resources (Middlemiss and Gillard, 2015). However, the slow decrease in the rate of fuel poverty does not justify the policy of the UK Energy Sector. It was noted in the Annual Fuel Poverty Statistics Report 2014 that the cumulative gap of fuel poverty is expected to increase to  £1.1 billion in the year 2014 from  £1 billion in 2012 (Department of energy and climate change, 2014a). The average electricity bill being paid by a small flat or house (2000kWH consumption of electricity) in UK is  £67 per month and the yearly bill is  £802 and the average electricity bill for a medium house (3200kWH consumption of electricity) is  £ 1163 (Department of energy and climate change, 2014b). According to the LIHC measure, it has been highlighted that almost foreign students have to pay around 5 to 12% of their total income for electricity income which is quite costly in comparison to the free electricity service provided in Qatar. The cost of living for the immigrant students has increased because of high end electricity charges imposed by Governed and other service providers in order to restrict the use of energy (Lawson, Williams and Wooliscroft, 2015). This section of the assignment highlights the results that are obtained after analysis of SPSS data. The data is obtained from the responses of the questionnaires. The main aim of the survey is to measure the effect of financial cost of energy on the

NIST 800-64 rev2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NIST 800-64 rev2 - Essay Example The problem I choose to discuss is poor communication between the employers and employees. In managing IT systems and their progress, an Information system security process is put in place to help identify risks, plan and mitigate problems that may arise at the workplace. Implementing a risk management – based approach serves to integrate security systems throughout the agency. However, throughout the system and its working, communication plays a major role in how well everything is understood and implemented in order to ensure high productivity with lesser number of problems. Communication is an indispensable part of any organization because its success or failure depends a lot on it. One of the critical assets of any organization is proper communication between employers and employees as well as among the management and workers. Proper communication helps to instill integrity and solidarity among the workers and helps them to focus better on the goal ahead. System managers c an make use of good communication as a tool to build strong relationships not only among the workers but also the clients that deal with them. Proper communication is a fundamental asset for decision – making, negotiation, implementation and assessment of the whole developmental process. One of the dilemmas that could arise in the workplace is miscommunication that leads to anger, fear, mistrust and lack of understanding among the parties involved. This problem is quite evident especially within a multicultural organization. The five phases such as Initiation, Development, Implementation, Operation and Disposal that contributes towards the smooth working and productivity of the organization could be hampered if there is no proper communication among its staff and workers. In implementing and executing a risk management based approach, it is both crucial and vital to help employees understand the integrated security component of the organization because each of them plays a si gnificant role in its successful achievement. Miscommunication in any one of the areas could bring about heavy losses to the agency or organization. In the Security Considerations in the System Development Lifecycle (SDLC) different individuals play different roles with different responsibilities and in order to ensure the systematic progress and success of the organization, they have to interact with each other during each stage of activity. In such a scenario, effective communication involving security requirements and expectations is inevitable. Every member is accountable in the position they hold responsibility within the organization. Employing an appropriate Information security personnel at the initiation juncture would be the right thing to do, so as to avoid communication mishaps during the process of any project. The individual carrying out this job has a big responsibility since it is a high risk job involving the organizations operations as well as its assets. However, all the other officials and managers each have their own role to play and their own responsibility which is clearly defined and they are accountable for things that go wrong. In such a set up effective communication plays a very important role because it helps to keep the security system in tact and in an effective working order. Since every person is highly responsible and accountable for their actions, it is inevitable that the first thing that should be put into place is a proper

Ethical Dilemmas and Cultural Issues Essay Example for Free

Ethical Dilemmas and Cultural Issues Essay 29 year old Sakura has been brought to counseling by a concerned neighbor because she believes Sakura is suffering from depression. She is listless and silent, and prone to staring in to space. During the course of the counseling sessions, it was discovered that Sakura’s husband has been violent towards her recently. Sakura is Japanese and has migrated to California two years ago, here she met and married an American husband. Sakura refuses to tell authorities because she is ashamed that her family in Japan would discover the failure of her marriage. She clearly tells the counselor that no one should know of the state of her relationship with her husband. A counselor is ethically obligated to inform authorities about the abusive nature of the relationship but she is also obligated to respect her client’s wishes. Framework for Ethical Decision Making (Velasquez, M. , Moberg, D. , Meyer, M. J. , Shanks, T. ,. McLean, M. R. , DeCosse, D. , Andre, C. , and Hanson, K. O. , 2009) Recognize an Ethical Issue Psychologists cannot break client-therapist confidentiality; Sakura has clearly expressed that her problems in marriage must be kept confidential and believes that her husband’s temperament is just being affected by his problems at work and the situation between them can be resolved. The counselor feels conflicted because the situation involves actual and potential risk for the client. Get the Facts Sakura is being verbally and physically abused when her husband is incited to anger by small things, like unwashed laundry or bland food. She sometimes gets bruises when her husband grabs he arms and shakes her or pushes her around. Sakura feels miserable at the state of her marriage but she was raised to be a loyal wife to her husband. The Japanese value a good marriage and frown upon divorce and marital problems. The Japanese believe marital problems must be resolved at home and must not be publicly acknowledged. This must be dealt with in therapy sessions sensitive to her culture and to her way of thinking. She must learn to value herself more than valuing the opinion of others. Evaluate Alternative Actions The counselor may decide to first try to convince Sakura of the unreasonable aspects of her situation. An establishment of a high sense of self-worth in therapy can ideally enable her get out of the abusive relationship by her own accord. However, when the danger is imminent and when it is clear that her husband is escalating in violence towards Sakura then the first area of concern would be to notify authorities to stop the abuse. Make a Decision and Test It The therapist can decide to tell the authorities about the nature of the situation, testing a decision can involve looking at the possible outcomes should the decision be executed. All other approaches must be considered; a useful exercise would be asking the question â€Å"what If I told someone I respect-or told a television audience-which option I have chosen, what would they say? † considering different perspectives is vital in making the choice. Act and Reflect on the Outcome Implement the decision, tell the authorities and monitor the outcome, Sakura must be guided in therapy and offered psychological support at all times. Reference: Velasquez, M. , Moberg, D. , Meyer, M. J. , Shanks, T. ,. McLean, M. R. , DeCosse, D. , Andre, C. , and Hanson, K. O. , (2009). A framework for ethical decision making. Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University.

Chemical Castration and Physical Castration Essay -- Recidivism of Sex

A Critical Analysis of the Effects of Chemical Castration and Physical Castration on the Recidivism Rates of Sex Offenders Introduction This paper examines the effects of chemical castration and physical castration on the recidivism rates of sex offenders. Using theory integration or the multifactor approach, the findings reveal there are several factors influencing sex offender recidivism. Both chemical castration and physical castration have the potential to reduce the recidivism rates of sex offenders by lowering testosterone levels, diminishing sexual urges, and making sexual urges more controllable if the sexual urges are motivated by increased testosterone levels. Based on theory integration, most sex offences are not motivated by an increased testosterone level but innate biological features, psychological disorders, and social factors making chemical castration and physical castration ineffective in curing most origins of sexual deviance. Literature Review This paper presents a critical analysis of the effects of chemical castration and physical castration on the recidivism rates of sex offenders. In this paper, the term sex offender is defined as a person who has been convicted of a sex crime and released back into the community either directly after sentencing or after serving time in prison for the commission of the sex crime. It should be noted that both men and women commit criminal sex acts, however, this paper will focus on the male offender. First and foremost, it is of prime importance to clarify the nature of rape and sex crimes. According to Groth and Birnbaum’s study in â€Å"Men Who Rape: the Psychology of the Offender† (1979), the motivation for rape and sex crimes stems most commonly from anger and the need to dominate, terrify, and humiliate one’s victim, not from pent-up sexual desire. â€Å"Rape is an act of violence in which sex is used as a weapon† (Benedict, 1992, p.14). Rape is used to control one’s victim in the same way a gun is used to control a store clerk in a robbery. Both are methods of control in order to get what one wants. The majority of men cannot even sustain an erection or ejaculate during the commission of a sex crime (Men against Sexual Violence, 2003). Contrary to popular belief, rape is not the fulfillment of an overly stimulated libido; it is primarily a tool to exert power over a victim. Sex c... ...etreived November 26, 2003 from http://www.rainn.org/statistics.html â€Å"Recidivism of Sex Offenders†. (2001). Center for Sex Offender Management. Retrieved on October 19, 2003 from http://www.csom.org/pubs/recidsexof.html Rice, M.E., Quinsey, V.L., & Harris, G.T. (1991). Sexual recidivism among child molesters released from a maximum security institution. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 381-386. Rosler, A. & Witztum, E. (1998). â€Å"Treatment of Men with Paraphilia with a Long-Acting Analogue of Gonadotropin- Releasing Horomone†. The New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 416-422 Scalora, M. & Garbin, C. (2003). â€Å"A Multivariate Analysis of Sex Offender Recidivism†. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47(3), 309-323 Thornberry, Terence P. â€Å"Reflections on the advantages and disadvantages of theortical integration.† Theoretical Integration in the Study of Deviance and Crime. Ed: Messner, Krohn, and Liska. University of New York Press. Albany: NY. 1989. Tolbert, Tracy. (2004). Criminal Justice 404: Crime Theory, Causation, and Control Lecture Notes. California State University, Long Beach. (Unpublished) Chemical Castration and Physical Castration Essay -- Recidivism of Sex A Critical Analysis of the Effects of Chemical Castration and Physical Castration on the Recidivism Rates of Sex Offenders Introduction This paper examines the effects of chemical castration and physical castration on the recidivism rates of sex offenders. Using theory integration or the multifactor approach, the findings reveal there are several factors influencing sex offender recidivism. Both chemical castration and physical castration have the potential to reduce the recidivism rates of sex offenders by lowering testosterone levels, diminishing sexual urges, and making sexual urges more controllable if the sexual urges are motivated by increased testosterone levels. Based on theory integration, most sex offences are not motivated by an increased testosterone level but innate biological features, psychological disorders, and social factors making chemical castration and physical castration ineffective in curing most origins of sexual deviance. Literature Review This paper presents a critical analysis of the effects of chemical castration and physical castration on the recidivism rates of sex offenders. In this paper, the term sex offender is defined as a person who has been convicted of a sex crime and released back into the community either directly after sentencing or after serving time in prison for the commission of the sex crime. It should be noted that both men and women commit criminal sex acts, however, this paper will focus on the male offender. First and foremost, it is of prime importance to clarify the nature of rape and sex crimes. According to Groth and Birnbaum’s study in â€Å"Men Who Rape: the Psychology of the Offender† (1979), the motivation for rape and sex crimes stems most commonly from anger and the need to dominate, terrify, and humiliate one’s victim, not from pent-up sexual desire. â€Å"Rape is an act of violence in which sex is used as a weapon† (Benedict, 1992, p.14). Rape is used to control one’s victim in the same way a gun is used to control a store clerk in a robbery. Both are methods of control in order to get what one wants. The majority of men cannot even sustain an erection or ejaculate during the commission of a sex crime (Men against Sexual Violence, 2003). Contrary to popular belief, rape is not the fulfillment of an overly stimulated libido; it is primarily a tool to exert power over a victim. Sex c... ...etreived November 26, 2003 from http://www.rainn.org/statistics.html â€Å"Recidivism of Sex Offenders†. (2001). Center for Sex Offender Management. Retrieved on October 19, 2003 from http://www.csom.org/pubs/recidsexof.html Rice, M.E., Quinsey, V.L., & Harris, G.T. (1991). Sexual recidivism among child molesters released from a maximum security institution. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 381-386. Rosler, A. & Witztum, E. (1998). â€Å"Treatment of Men with Paraphilia with a Long-Acting Analogue of Gonadotropin- Releasing Horomone†. The New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 416-422 Scalora, M. & Garbin, C. (2003). â€Å"A Multivariate Analysis of Sex Offender Recidivism†. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47(3), 309-323 Thornberry, Terence P. â€Å"Reflections on the advantages and disadvantages of theortical integration.† Theoretical Integration in the Study of Deviance and Crime. Ed: Messner, Krohn, and Liska. University of New York Press. Albany: NY. 1989. Tolbert, Tracy. (2004). Criminal Justice 404: Crime Theory, Causation, and Control Lecture Notes. California State University, Long Beach. (Unpublished)

Why Lower status groups have higher crime rates?

According to some sociologists, lower status groups have higher crime rates because they do not have access to legitimate means of achieving. This view is supported by sociologists such as Cohen, Cloward and Ohlin who believe members of the lower classes commit crime because they are not given the same opportunities to achieve as other members of society. However, this view could be disputed, as it is by sociologists such as Miller and Murray who believe other factors are involved such as the focal concerns. This essay will assess the extent to which lower status groups commit crime because they are denied access to the legitimate means of achieving success. According to Cohen, lower class boys have the same success goals as the rest of society but have no opportunity to enjoy these goals. He believes that the lack of opportunity here is because of their educational failure and then their dead-end jobs. This could be supported by Willis' ethnographic study on a number of ‘lads' at school. This study showed that these boys had come to terms with the fact they were going to be stuck in dead end jobs as they did not achieve anything at school and therefore formed anti-school subcultures to deal with this. According to Cohen this amounts in status frustration as the individuals become frustrated that they cannot achieve anything and with their low status in society. Due to this, they turn their attentions to achieving through other means – crime, they reject the success goals of common culture and replace them with others as Merton described in his responses to cultural goals. This new found calling can help them to gain status and recognition, especially from their peers, albeit for the wrong reasons and thus a delinquent subculture is formed. It can be seen as a collective solution for all the problems faced by the lower classes. Cohen believes that â€Å"the delinquent subculture takes its norms from the larger culture but turns them upside down. † Thus, the subcultures are a negative reaction to a society that has denied opportunity some of its members. This would suggest that the members of lower status groups deviate because they are denied access to the normal routes of success and shows that because of this there is greater pressure on certain groups in society to deviate. Cloward and Ohlin follow the same path as Cohen, however they develop his ideas. According to them Cohen failed to look at the illegitimate opportunity structure. They believe that lower status groups are denied access to the legitimate means of achieving success; however an illegitimate route is available to them. This opportunity could come from the fact that in some areas there may be a high rate of adult crime and this means that there is access for adolescence to follow the same path; however in other areas this culture may not be present. According to Cloward and Ohlin areas with a high rate of organised adult crime creates a learning environment for younger generations, meaning the common norms and values in these areas are different from those who apply themselves to the legitimate opportunity structure and a criminal subculture is created. Conflict subcultures are created in areas where there is little opportunity for adolescence to achieve through the illegitimate opportunity structures. This means that there is no access to either legitimate or illegitimate opportunity structure. According to Cloward and Ohlin the response to this situation is usually gang violence as a means of reaching built up tension and frustration towards the lack of opportunity. Retreatist subcultures are also created by those who have failed to have access to illegitimate or legitimate opportunity structures, thus they retreat from society and enter a retreatist subculture. Thus, all of these subcultures are created because these people do not have access to the normal means of achieving success. Other sociologists however, believe that it is not the opportunity for success but other factors that influence lower class crime rates. Miller, who studied lower class subcultures in 1950s America, discovered that the subcultures were not formed because of the inability to achieve success, but because of the existence of distinctive lower class subcultures. According to Miller there are a number of long held cultural traditions followed and these differ to those of the higher strata. He believed that these traditions passed down from generation to generation actively encouraged lower class men to break the law. Miller believes that there are a number of focal concerns of the lower class. These focal concerns are toughness that involves trying to prove their masculinity; smartness, which involves trying to outsmart each other and excitement which involves having ‘fun' which could involve alcohol, drugs, gambling and joy riding. According to Miller argues that delinquency is just the members of the lower strata acting out the focal concerns, if in a slightly exaggerated way! He believes that it has a lot to do with boredom of work and these focal concerns help them to live with the day-to-day boredom. Thus, the crime rates of the lower class are not because of the opportunities available to them but because of they have their own norms, values and traditions that are carried through from generation to generation. Murray also believes that it is not due to opportunity but believes in an under-class who are a group of either unemployed or unemployable people. He believes that this underclass share there own common norms and values and reject those of mainstream society. He believes that the welfare states are to blame as it means that people do not feel the need to work and can live of the state and reject the idea it is important to hold down a job, thus they turn to criminality. This means that he does not agree that crimes are committed because of the lack of opportunity, but more because of the opportunity to be given money from the state and not have to do anything. Stephen Jones also agrees that there us an underclass, but believes there are also number of side issues such as racial tension and gang warfare that helps to add to the crimes. This view could be supported by crimes in Britain such as the shootings of Letisha Shakespeare and Charlene Ellis in 2003. Overall, it can be said that there are a number of reasons as to why crime rates are high in the lower class. It could be because they are denied access to legitimate means of achieving success as they need to fine some way to succeed. However, it could also be due to the fact that learning environments are created and traditions are passed though the generations making it common and normal in the lower classes for crimes to be committed and normal for aspects such as racial tension to be a big part of life. Therefore, there it could be said that it is not just because of there is a lack of opportunity for members of the lower class, but because they already have there own norms and values of which t follow.

Mathematics, the Connection Between Art and Science Essay

Although there are many differences that set art and science apart, they share one undeniable commonality. This bond that is present between what is otherwise considered as polar opposites is mathematics. As shown in Professor Vesna’s lecture, mathematics is imperative to the development of art. Through math, artists have come to understand perspective, proportion, and geometrics. In terms of science, mathematics is the foundation which every theory stands upon. Nature, humans, and the digital world would have been impossible to comprehend without numbers to bridge the gap between the unknown and the understood. Truly, mathematics is ubiquitous and continues to prove its importance to this day. A novel amalgamation that consists of mathematics, art, and science is music. Milkman, an artist of the mash-up genre, is a musician that samples different songs and digitally combines them to form a brand new track. In a way, his work is described as an example of cross synthesis or convultion which according to Burk is some aspect of one sound superimposed on another. To harmoniously combine two different songs, one must fully understand every possible correlation in terms of rhythm, melody, and lyrics. And with mathematics and science making the technology available, the art of mashing up songs has become readily accessible and requires only creativity to create the next hit single. Mathematics has almost an infinite range of applications in society today. For example, Robert Lang presents mathematics as part of the core that drives origami, the art of folding paper. Lang shows that complexity is irrelevant; with mathematics to dictate origami, anything can be shaped. Because of its practicality of compacting large things, origami is used in various sectors of science which include telescope lens packing and heart stents. Another example of math’s prevalence is Theo Jansen’s presentation on his kinetic sculptures. His biological art, able to move independently, essentially redefines the wheel. Not only is it artistic but also it is a masterpiece of engineering; just a simple push can propel a massively heavy structure across difficult terrain. It is evident that math not only facilitates the evolution of artistic creations but also helps apply them as potential solutions to problems of today.

Freedom In The United States Essays - Freedom Of Expression

Freedom In The United States Essays - Freedom Of Expression Freedom in the United States No other democratic society in the world permits personal freedoms to the degree of the United States of America. Within the last sixty years, American courts, especially the Supreme Court, have developed a set of legal doctrines that thoroughly protect all forms of the freedom of expression. When it comes to evaluating the degree to which we take advantage of the opportunity to express our opinions, some members of society may be guilty of violating the bounds of the First Amendment by publicly offending others through obscenity or racism. Americans have developed a distinct disposition toward the freedom of expression throughout history. The First Amendment clearly voices a great American respect toward the freedom of religion. It also prevents the government from "abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Since the early history of our country, the protection of basic freedoms has been of the utmost importance to Americans. In Langston Hughes' poem, "Freedom," he emphasizes the struggle to enjoy the freedoms that he knows are rightfully his. He reflects the American desire for freedom now when he says, "I do not need my freedom when I'm dead. I cannot live on tomorrow's bread." He recognizes the need for freedom in its entirety without compromise or fear. I think Langston Hughes captures the essence of the American immigrants' quest for freedom in his poem, "Freedom's Plow." He accurately describes American's as arriving with nothing but dreams and building America with the hopes of finding greater freedom or freedom for the first time. He depicts how people of all backgrounds worked together for one cause: freedom. I selected Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 as a fictitious example of the evils of censorship in a world that is becoming illiterate. In this book, the government convinces the public that book reading is evil because it spreads harmful opinions and agitates people against the government. The vast majority of people accept this censorship of expression without question and are content to see and hear only the government's propaganda. I found this disturbing yet realistic. Bradbury's hidden opposition to this form of censorship was apparent throughout the book and finally prevailed in the end when his main character rebelled against the practice of burning books. Among the many forms of protests are pickets, strikes, public speeches and rallies. Recently in New Jersey, more than a thousand community activists rallied to draft a "human" budget that puts the needs of the poor and handicapped as a top priority. Rallies are an effective means for people to use their freedoms effectively to bring about change from the government. Freedom of speech is coneztly being challenged as is evidenced in a recent court case where a Gloucester County school district censored reviews of two R-rated movies from a school newspaper. Superior Court Judge, Robert E. Francis ruled that the student's rights were violated under the state Constitution. I feel this is a major break through for students' rights because it limits editorial control of school newspapers by educators and allows students to print what they feel is important. A newly proposed bill (A-557) would prevent school officials from controlling the content of student publications. Critics of the bill feel that "student journalists may be too young to underezd the responsibilities that come with free speech." This is a valid point; however, it would provide an excellent opportunity for them to learn about their First Amendment rights that guarantees free speech and freedom of the press. In his commencement address to Monmouth College graduates, Professor Alan Dershowitz of Harvard Law School defended the broad right to free speech. He stated, "My message to you graduates is to assert your rights, to use them responsibly and boldly, to oppose racism, to oppose sexism, to oppose homophobia and bigotry of all kinds and to do so within the spirit of the First Amendment, not by creating an exception to it." I agree that one should feel free to speak openly as long as it does not directly or indirectly lead to the harm of others. One

How to Prepare for a Timed Writing Exam

How to Prepare for a Timed Writing Exam Timed essays are a favorite for standardized tests and college exams. They not only test your knowledge, but they test your ability to develop a coherent argument under pressure. The secret to a timed writing exam is preparation beforehand and avoiding rushing on the day of the exam. Here are some tips on how to write a great timed essay. Manage Your Stress One cause of poor performance on timed essays is anxiety. There are lots of scientific studies that show how anxiety affects brain function. If you’re stressed while reading the prompt, you may not even be able to understand it, let alone formulate a good response to it. If you feel yourself starting to panic when the proctor or professor starts the clock, take a moment to calm yourself down. Close your eyes. Take a few deep breaths. Count to twenty. Then slowly open your eyes and with a calm mind start reading the essay prompt. Another thing that helps with stress is preparation. Find out which things can make you fail and how to avoid them! Do Some Practice Runs You won’t know the topic beforehand, but if you actually sit down and do a couple of practice essays on some plausible topics, you’ll be able to see where your weaknesses lie and how you can address them. For example, did you rush into the writing without thinking it through first? Did you need to go back and revise? Did you have enough time to make a sensible revision? Practicing first will not only help you remain more calm when it’s show time, it will also help you learn to pace yourself. Think Before You Write After reading the topic, give yourself some time to let your thoughts on it formulate. If you jump right in to your first idea, you may miss an opportunity to write an even better, more well-formed essay. A good way to decide what to write is to jot down notes on the different ideas that come up and then choose which one you think is the best one. Make an Outline Again, resist the urge to just start scribbling and dedicate time to preparing your essay first. Making an outline where you line up the points you wish to touch on will help guide your writing. It will also prevent you from forgetting what you wanted to say, a common problem with timed essays due to stress and pressure. Make Sure You’re Answering the Question Another common pitfall to avoid is failing to address the prompt. Again, this problem can be circumvented by slowing down. While making your outline, keep referring to the prompt. Does each part of your outline answer it? If not, what has to be changed to make sure you stay on course? Don’t Write Filler Even though this is a timed essay, you should dedicate your efforts to writing quality statements. Don’t write just to fill the space. This can be particularly tempting when writing the introduction which is where it’s most important for you to get to the point. Your thesis statement at the end of your introductory paragraph should be well-defined and strong. This will help the flow of the rest of your essay so give it your best effort. Revision Tips What if you followed all of the above advice but in the middle of writing had a new idea that would change your essay? Here you have to make a decision. Is the new idea so much better that it warrants changing your essay structure for it? AND do you have enough time to revise completely? If so, then go back and revise the parts you’ve written so far. If you’re writing on paper, make sure you skip a line to leave room for revisions. On a computer, it’s much easier to revise, but you also run the risk of deleting work you wish to use later. If you’re revising on a computer, put the parts you want to take out in brackets. After you’ve finished writing and are doing a final edit, go back and take out the parts that are unnecessary.

Relationship between the business strategy and an entity's Essay

Relationship between the business strategy and an entity's organizational culture regarding staffing decisions - Essay Example Most significantly, organizational culture remains a crucial component in any firm. Every organization does possess a clear unique personality of the staff members. For the purpose of achievement of clear objectives and working in unity among the team members, i9t is essential to have one mind-set when it comes to the organizational culture. A unit that is divided mentally and ideological wise cannot achieve its targeted goals. Organizational culture comprises of a number of factors such as innovativeness, where the team leaders challenge their staff members to take risks in all situations.an organizational culture also establish the level of precision expected from each employee. Additionally, it emphasizes on respect and dignity to employees, teamwork, aggressiveness, and stability of tenure (Zheng, Yang, & McLean, 2010). From the outlook of the role of the organizational culture in any firm, it is very difficult for the two components to work without interlinking. Primarily, for the set goals to reach a level of success, the team implementing the same must be in possession of the appropriate spirit and skills. The organization must create a conducive atmosphere for the achievement of the strategies. Concisely, one cannot focus on achievement of business strategies, and at the same time disregarding the environment, that defines the culture. Therefore, both components have to be put into consideration. Zheng, W., Yang, B., & McLean, G. N. (2010). Linking organizational culture, structure, strategy, and organizational effectiveness: Mediating role of knowledge management. Journal of Business Research, 63, 763–771.

Legal Aspects of Nursing - Homework 5 Case Study

Legal Aspects of Nursing - Homework 5 - Case Study Example On trial, other nurses stated that they frequently made paper records during breaks or at end of shift, often when they could hardly remember the dosages administered to patients. In addition, nurses would electronically sign for narcotics and prepare IV drip bags in advance of when needed and discard the same when no longer required or when physicians changed orders. In addition, nurses deviated from physicians order for an IM injection by thus electing to provide medication by an IV route. In addition, the hospital lacked a clear policy on when nurses such as preceptor and mentee, both had a responsibility for patient care. The suspended nurse also admitted that she recorded the data long after administration and in some cases in the following day (Guido, 2009). Legal aspects in nursing provide the framework for establishing the acceptable care to the client and outline the responsibilities of the nurses. The law in nursing also outlines the boundaries in independent actions of nur sing and provides for the standards of nursing practice. Nursing law ensures that nurses obtain the informed consent of the patients before any treatment and provide information to the clients on any condition that requires diagnosis and also the benefits and risks of the alternative modes of treatment (Guido, 2009). In the above case, the facility has sufficient evidence to suspend the nurse from employment. The nurse is liable since she testified that she recorded their paper documents at the end of the shifts or even the following day. According to legal framework, the nurse must carry out the physician orders unless she reasonably believes that there is an error. The nurse must seek a clarification from the physician or immediate supervisor; otherwise she is liable for any harm experienced by the patient. If nurses are requested to float to another unit, the nurse must have the capacity and experience to carry out the duties since one is held liable for the same standards of car e as those other nurses working regularly in that unit. In addition, the nurse is liable for not reporting unsafe nursing practice such as theft of narcotics in the facility (Guido, 2009). Surprisingly, the facility had allowed nurses to sign for narcotics electronically and prepare IV drips in advance and discard the same IV bags when not needed by the physicians. The evidence of other nurses is critical in determining the outcome of this case since other nurses did not follow the legal procedure in medical documentation. The nurses clarified that they had deviated from physician’s order for an IM injection, thus choosing to provide medication by IV route. Finally, the organisation lacked a standard procedure and policy framework for paper records when a preceptor and a mentee were involved. The testimony other nurses would impact on the outcome of the case. For instance, the testimony proves the negligence of the hospital facility in safeguarding the safety of patients sinc e not policies that outline the working relationship of a preceptor and mentee and who should record the narcotics usage. The institutions should first preview the paper record documentation of all nurses and review the authority of each personnel in the organisation. The institution should also review the nurse-patient relationship before the court of law (Guido, 2009). If I